Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), is known for its ability to withstand heat and drought. It was originally used as a pasture grass but is now also used for lawns. It has a deep root system and although it is slow to germinate from seed, it grows into a well-established lawn.
I. Appearance and Characteristics
Paspalum notatum, known commonly as bahiagrass, common bahia, and Pensacola bahia, is a tropical to subtropical perennial grass (family Poaceae). It is known for its prominent V-shaped inflorescence consisting of two spike-like racemes containing multiple tiny spikelets, each about 2.8–3.5 millimetres (0.11–0.14 in) long.
This grass is low-growing and creeping with stolons and stout, scaly rhizomes. The stolons are pressed firmly to the ground and root freely from the internodes, forming a dense sod. The flat, tough-textured leaves are usually hairless, with blades 2–6 millimetres (0.079–0.236 in) wide. They are flat, folded, and inrolled, tapering to a fine point. The leaf bases at the terminus of each rhizome usually have a purplish hue. The stems reach 20–75 centimetres (7.9–29.5 in) tall.
The terminal dual racemes are each attached to the top of a slender stem or with one slightly below the other. There is occasionally a third. The spikelets closely overlap in two rows. They are broad, rounded, smooth and shiny. Inside each spikelet is a tiny flower. The tiny, black, featherlike stigmas and black stamens can be seen dangling at the tips of the flowers.
Bahia grass is native to Mexico and South America, but has been naturalized elsewhere in North America and in other regions. It prefers sandy soils and is tolerant of shade. It is also fairly hardy, tolerating saline conditions and drought.
II. Varieties of Bahia Grass
Below are a few popular bahiagrass cultivars:
- ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass: This variety sports thin leaves and an extensive, deep root system that gives it extra heat and cold tolerance. It is more winter-hardy than other varieties.
- ‘Argentine’ bahiagrass: Featuring darker green blades than other varieties, this type of bahia is often chosen for aesthetic reasons.
- ‘Sand Mountain’ bahiagrass: With its narrow blades and cold hardy nature, ‘Sand Mountain’ grows better than other varieties in the northernmost areas of the accepted growing zones for this grass.
III. How to Grow and Care
Bahiagrass is a durable warm-season grass commonly used in pastures and lawns. It thrives in sunny environments, requiring full sun exposure for optimal growth. Bahiagrass is notable for its drought tolerance, making it a low-maintenance choice for suitable climates. However, it may require regular mowing during the peak growing season to maintain a uniform lawn appearance and prevent seedhead production which some find undesirable.
Sunlight
Bahiagrass thrives best in full sun environments, which signifies that it requires direct sunlight for the majority of the day to attain optimal growth and vigor. Although bahiagrass can tolerate partial sun, meaning it can still grow with moderate light exposure, its development may be somewhat hindered under these conditions. In reduced light, bahiagrass may exhibit less robust growth and thinner density.
Adaptive to its preferred bright conditions, bahiagrass is often seen flourishing in open fields and sunny landscapes. The emphasis on adequate sunlight is paramount for maintaining the health and durability of this species. When cultivated outdoors, bahiagrass is best positioned in locations with minimal shade to ensure it receives the necessary amount of light throughout the day.
Temperature and Humidity
Bahiagrass is tolerant of many harsh conditions, including heat. Though this grass does not require large amounts of water, high humidity provides great moisture for this grass to thrive. The deep South and Gulf coast areas perfectly match the ideal growing conditions for this grass variety.
Watering
Native to the tropical regions, bahiagrass thrives in environments with consistent moisture and warm temperatures. This species exhibits a preference for regular hydration but is also known for its moderate drought tolerance once established. Watering should be done every week to maintain its health and vigor. As an outdoor grass commonly found in lawns and pastures, bahiagrass benefits from the natural rain patterns, adjusting its growth cycle according to seasonal water availability.
Soil
Bahia thrives in soil that many lawn varieties struggle with. It is an ideal selection for poor, sandy soils that are low in nutrients.
When it comes to soil pH, acidic soil is a must for this grass. Neutral or alkaline soil can cause problems such as iron deficiency.
Fertilizing
Fertilizing bahiagrass enhances growth, with a balanced LawnOrTurfFertilizer optimal. Apply in the growing season every 6-8 weeks, adhering to 1 lb per 1000 sq ft rate. Dilute appropriately; excess can damage bahiagrass. Weather affects needs; less in cool months. Employ slow-release formulas for sustained nourishment, always water bahiagrass post-application for soil absorption.
Propagation
Bahiagrass propagation is ideally performed through division in spring or autumn. The process is fairly easy, and successful propagation can be observed through new growth. Ensure healthy root sections to enhance the dividing success rate.
Growing from Seed
It’s not hard to grow bahiagrass from seed, but patience is key. This grass has a long and variable germination time. Once established, however, bahia is hardy and durable.
The best time to plant your seeds is in the spring, but fall seeding is possible in hot climates. Summer should generally be avoided as the grass seeds could end up overrun with weeds.
Rake the soil to prepare it for the seeds, then sow them 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep in the soil. Keep the ground moist with a daily watering mist. In hot, dry conditions twice a day waterings may even be needed. Before you know it, you’ll see little sprouts and be on your way to a thick, durable, luscious lawn.
III. Uses and Benefits
This grass is used primarily as a forage. The nutritive value remains high when mature, but it is not very productive. It is also valued as an erosion-controlling soil stabilizer, as well as for its productivity, ease of establishment, and persistence.
Bahiagrass grows in stolons, or thick stems that root in short intervals. This means it is perfect for creating thick, blanketing lawns. At the same time, it isn’t an aggressive spreader, making it easier to keep it out of garden beds.
