Crataegus macrosperma, the bigfruit hawthorn, is a species of hawthorn native to most of the eastern United States and adjacent Canada, though uncommon at lower altitudes in the south. It is sometimes misidentified as C. flabellata. It is one of the earliest hawthorns to bloom in spring.
I. Appearance and Characteristics
Big-fruit hawthorn typically manifests as a robust shrub or a diminutive tree, which may assume various shapes and sizes based on its growing conditions.
The stem of big-fruit hawthorn exhibits new growth in a golden green hue, occasionally tinged with a strong reddish color, and is glabrous. One-year-old stems are usually shiny and dark brown, transitioning to older stems that possess thorns. The texture of these stems remains smooth, and they tend to be slim but firm. As they mature, these stems significantly contribute to the plant’s structural integrity and defense mechanism through their thorny formations.
The leaves of big-fruit hawthorn are oval to ovate, measuring 1 to 3 inches (2.5 to 7.6 cm) in length. They may be sparse or densely glandular, with bases ranging from rounded to cuneate. Each leaf has 3 to 6 lobes per side and an acute to acuminate apex. The margins are serrate and vary in size. Their texture is marked by visible glands, contributing to the plant’s distinctive appearance.
The flowers of big-fruit hawthorn are among the first Hawthorns to bloom in spring, appearing in April and May. They form clusters of delicate white blossoms, each with 5 petals and 5-10 stamens. The anthers have a distinctive pink to reddish-purple hue. These flowers emit an unpleasant odor that attracts midges for fertilization. The blooms are small, typically around 0.4-0.6 inches (1-1.5 cm) in diameter, making them a notable feature during their blooming period.
The fruit of big-fruit hawthorn is a small pome typically bearing 1 to 5 pyrenees, structures akin to the pits found in plums and peaches. Measuring approximately 0.4 to 0.8 inches (1 to 2 cm) in diameter, these fruits are usually red to orange, but they may exhibit variations in hue as they mature. The outer skin is smooth with a slight sheen, and the flesh is relatively firm, encasing the hard, stony pyrenees. Collectively known as ‘haws,’ they emerge following the flowering period and ripen in the late summer to fall.
The plant inhabits a rambling array of environments, including mesic forests and rocky eminences. Big-fruit hawthorn bears a proclivity for crossbreeding with its congeners, resulting in diverse fruiting behaviors. The ability to hybridize readily contributes to its varied appearance in different habitats.
II. How to Grow and Care
Sunlight
Big-fruit hawthorn is best in full sun exposure for optimal growth and fruit production
Watering
Adapted to moderate climates, big-fruit hawthorn thrives with a balance of moisture and well-drained conditions. Originating from temperate regions, it is accustomed to periods of rainfall followed by drier spells. This species exhibits a preference for consistent but not excessive watering, aligning with its natural habitat’s rhythm. Watering should occur once every three weeks to maintain this equilibrium. Big-fruit hawthorn is typically grown outdoors where it can benefit from the natural precipitation patterns, which contribute significantly to its water needs during the growing season.
Soil
Big-fruit hawthorn thrives in well-drained, loamy soil with consistent moisture.
Fertilizing
To bolster big-fruit hawthorn’s health and fruiting, use balanced nutrition fertilizers in spring with high nitrogen types in growth phases. Quarterly applications suffice, with adjusted quantities per label, aligning with dormant and active periods. Safeguard against over-fertilization; root-burn risk is prevalent. A measured approach ensures vigor without adverse effects. Essential: invest in a soil test for tailored feeding.
Pruning
Big-fruit hawthorn is need to annual pruning to maintain shape and health.
Propagation
Big-fruit hawthorn is part of a genus known for robust hardiness and adaptability. For successful propagation, use fresh seeds immediately following harvest for optimal germination rates. Clean the seeds from the surrounding pulp and stratify them if necessary to mimic natural winter conditions. Stratification involves mixing the seeds with moist sand or peat and refrigerating them for a couple of months. Sow the treated seeds in well-drained soil, ideally with some loam to nourish emerging seedlings. Consistent moisture without waterlogging promotes healthy root development.
III. Uses and Benefits
The fruit can be eaten raw or cooked. The leaves, berries, and flowers are used in medicine for cardiovascular health.
