Broad buckler fern is a wide-spreading deciduous semi-evergreen fern that is mistaken for other ferns but is distinguished by its darker center. Its finely cut fronds look similar to lace. Broad buckler fern is resistant to deer and rabbits. When cultivated, it is best used in shaded gardens and woodlands.
I. Appearance and Characteristics
Dryopteris dilatata, the broad buckler-fern, is a robust species of deciduous or semi evergreen fern in the family Dryopteridaceae, native to Europe, particularly western and central Europe. In southern Europe, it is mostly found in mountainous regions.
The Latin specific epithet dilatata means “spread out”.
In broad buckler fern, the stem, or stalk, is characterized by being stout and erect, with mature stems reaching a height of up to 2 feet (60 cm). The surface is covered in distinctive brown scales that give it a rough texture. The coloration is generally a brownish-green, contributing to its robust appearance. The stems have a thick, somewhat fleshy constitution, and feature a lack of significant branching. These characteristics are crucial for identifying the plant.
The leaves of broad buckler fern are broadly triangular, 2-3 times divided, with margins that often turn under. The basal pinnae are notably longer on the basiscopic side. The blade is a deep, rich green and has a thin texture. Frond midribs and stalks are adorned with dark brown scales, adding a distinct characteristic for identification. These leaves demonstrate a lush, intricate pattern that is both complex and visually striking.
The species and the cultivars ‘Crispa Whiteside’ and ‘Lepidota Cristata’ have gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.
Winter hardy to USDA Zones 5-8 where it is easily grown in consistently moist, humusy, organically rich, well-drained soils in part shade to full shade. Best in sun-dappled shade. Soils should not be allowed to dry out.
II. How to Grow and Care
Broad buckler fern thrives in a partially shaded environment with well-draining soil, establishing itself as a low-maintenance fern suitable for many gardeners. Critical care points include ensuring consistent soil moisture without waterlogging and avoiding excessive direct sunlight which can scorch its fronds. Broad buckler fern adapts well to a range of conditions, making it a resilient addition for fern enthusiasts.
Sunlight
Broad buckler fern thrives in partial sun conditions where it receives dappled sunlight, promoting healthy growth and lush foliage. Broad buckler fern can also adapt well to full shade, tolerating lower light levels, though this may result in less vigorous growth.
Overexposure to intense light could lead to leaf scorch or faded color. With its capacity for light adjustment, broad buckler fern’s fronds may become denser in shadier conditions, effectively maximizing light absorption. Suitably planted outdoors, broad buckler fern flourishes in woodland settings or shaded garden beds, demonstrating its versatility and resilience in various lighting environments.
Watering
Originating from the understory of temperate forests, broad buckler fern thrives in moist conditions, indicative of its preference for consistent humidity. This species is moderately drought-tolerant but flourishes when maintained with a balanced moisture regime. To mimic its natural habitat, broad buckler fern should be watered twice a week. Typically grown outdoors due to its affinity for shaded environments, broad buckler fern benefits significantly from mulching which helps retain soil moisture and mimics the forest floor’s natural conditions.
Fertilizing
For broad buckler fern, use high nitrogen fertilizers to support lush frond growth. Fertilize monthly during spring and summer, the active growing months, using a quarter of the recommended strength. Benefits include stimulated growth and improved vigor, essential in broad buckler fern’s developmental stages. Avoid over-fertilization to prevent root burn. During dormancy in fall and winter, reduce feeding. Apply fertilizer evenly around the plant, ensuring it’s diluted to prevent potential toxicity.
Pruning
Broad buckler ferns should be pruned in late winter to early spring before new growth begins. Pruning should be light and only necessary to remove dead or diseased fronds or to maintain desired shape. Remove brown and yellow fronds at their base. Cut fern foliage back to 3-5 inches from the crown. Do not over-prune as this could potentially harm or even kill the plant.
Propagation
Broad buckler fern is effectively propagated through division, a method where the root clump is separated into smaller portions, each with a section of the root system and fronds. To ensure successful establishment, divisions should have healthy, robust root sections and be replanted promptly in a suitable mix that maintains moisture without waterlogging. Care should be taken to not bury the crown of the divisions too deep, as this can encourage rot. Regular watering and observation for pests or fungal infections will help the new plants thrive.
Transplanting
Greet the onset of a new growth cycle by transplanting broad buckler fern in the embrace of spring’s touch, when nature reawakens. Choose locations dappled in shade for these woodland natives, ensuring moist, well-drained soil offers a welcoming home.
