Clarkia wildflowers (Clarkia spp.) get their name from William Clark of the Lewis and Clark expedition. Clark discovered the plant on the Pacific Coast of North America and brought back specimens when he returned. They didn’t really catch on until 1823 when another explorer, William Davis, rediscovered them and distributed the seeds. Ever since, clarkia has been a staple of cottage and cutting gardens.
I. Appearance and Characteristics
Clarkia is a genus within the flowering plant family Onagraceae. Over 40 species are currently classified in Clarkia; almost all are native to western North America, though one species (Clarkia tenella) is native to South America.
Clarkias are typically annual herbs, growing either prostrate or erect to a height of less than 2 metres. Their leaves are small and simple, from 1 to 10 cm in length depending on the species. Their flowers have four sepals and four petals, usually white, pink, or red, and are often spotted or streaked. Their fruit are elongated, cylindrical pods, usually 4-grooved or 8-grooved, and when mature they hold many tiny, cubical seeds.
Several members of the genus are sometimes referred to by the common name “godetia”, including Clarkia amoena, Clarkia affinis, and Clarkia lassenensis (the Lassen godetia). This is because they were formerly classified in a genus called Godetia, which is no longer recognised since its members have been absorbed into the genus Clarkia. Older sources may still use Godetia as a genus name.
The genus was named in honour of the explorer Captain William Clark. Unofficially, the genus is sometimes referred to as Yorkia, in honor of York, an African-American member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
The Royal Navy had a warship called HMS Clarkia, a Flower-class corvette.
Some species are popular garden plants, for example the mountain garland, Clarkia unguiculata, the redspot clarkia, Clarkia speciosa, Farewell to Spring, Clarkia amoena and Clarkia bottae. There are cultivated varieties of some of these species.
Clarkia species play important roles in their local ecosystems, as they provide habitat for native pollinators. Some pollinators even rely on Clarkia exclusively, such as the “Clarkia bee”. They are also used as host plants by some species as caterpillars, such as Sphingidae moths.
II. How to Grow and Care
The clarkia genus comprises flowering plants that thrive in environments with ample light and well-drained soil. They’re suitable for temperate climates and often prefer cooler temperatures. Basic care involves ensuring clarkia receives enough sunlight, regular watering that keeps the soil moist but not waterlogged, and positioning in a location with fair air circulation.
Common challenges include susceptibility to pests like aphids and fungal diseases, which necessitate vigilance and prompt treatment. Seasonally, clarkia requires less water in winter and may need protection from extreme temperatures. Gardeners should adjust care as the seasons change to maintain clarkia health.
Sunlight
Clarkia thrives in bright, indirect light for at least 6-8 hours per day. Avoid direct midday sun as it can scorch the leaves. Morning or late afternoon light is ideal. Use a sheer curtain for diffusion if placing clarkia in a south-facing window. No specific nuances but ensure lighting is consistent with seasonal patterns to support flowering cycles. Always cross-reference with trusted gardening sources.
Watering
Thriving in its native environment with moderate humidity, clarkia has adapted to a consistent moisture regime. It exhibits a preference for evenly moist soil, reflecting its aversion to both waterlogged and dry conditions. Accordingly, clarkia should be watered every week to maintain this balance. As an outdoor plant often found in temperate regions, clarkia’s flowering is significantly influenced by rainfall patterns, which play a crucial role in the timing and abundance of its blooms.
Soil
Clarkia wildflowers need a location with well-drained soil. They don’t like overly rich or wet soil.
Fertilizing
Clarkia are very drought tolerant and don’t need fertilizer.
Planting Instructions
Clarkia is a genus predominately accustomed to well-draining soil with mild fertility, enjoying full sun and moderate water requirements. Start by preparing a suitable spot, enriching the soil with organic matter if necessary. Position clarkia plants at the same depth as they were in their container, carefully firming soil around the base. Water gently after planting. While these guidelines apply to most clarkia species, be aware that individual plant needs may vary. Observing plant responses and adjusting care accordingly will yield best results.
Propagation
Primary propagation of clarkia is through seeds. Sow seeds in well-draining soil under partial shading with a temperature range of 60-70°F for optimal germination. Water evenly but avoid excess moisture. Since clarkia seeds need light to germinate, press them gently onto the soil surface rather than covering them. Difficulty is generally low; however, care must be taken not to overwater.
To propagate, follow these steps:
- Gather clarkia seeds after flowering.Â
- Prepare pots with soil mix; moisten lightly.
- Press seeds onto the soil surface.
- Expose pots to bright, indirect light.
- Keep soil damp, not waterlogged.
- Thin seedlings once mature enough to handle.
- Transplant outdoors after frost danger passes.
III. Uses and Benefits
These pretty wildflowers look great in many garden situations. Consider growing clarkia in cutting or cottage gardens, mass plantings, wildflower meadows, borders, containers, or on the edges of woodlands.
