Japanese pie pumpkin is a robust plant requiring minimal care, making it suitable for gardeners of all levels. The flowers are orange or yellow and bloom in summer. The plant grows about 30 cm high and spreads 3 to 4.5 m. It likes well drained soil and has both male and female flowers. Fruits can weigh up to 20 lb. It is often found in close proximity to Cucurbita moschata.
I. Appearance and Characteristics
Cucurbita argyrosperma, also called the cushaw squash and silver-seed gourd, is a species of winter squash originally from the south of Mexico. It was formerly known as Cucurbita mixta.
It is a Cucurbita species, with varieties that are commonly cultivated in the United States as part of the Eastern Agricultural Complex and Mexico south to Nicaragua. Of all the cultivated Cucurbita species it is the least found outside the Americas. It originated in Mesoamerica, most likely in the state of Jalisco, Mexico from its wild sororia form. The reference genome of this species was published in 2019.
The flowers are orange or yellow and bloom in July or August. The plant grows about 1 foot high and spreads 10–15 feet. It likes well drained soil and has both male and female flowers. Fruits can weigh up to 20 pounds. The published results of an interspecific hybridization experiment in 1990 noted that as of that time Cucurbita argyrosperma was often grown in close proximity to Cucurbita moschata in Guatemala and Mexico.
Systematics
Cucurbita argyrosperma is classified into two subspecies: C. argyrosperma subsp. argyrosperma and C. argyrosperma subsp. sororia. C. argyrosperma subsp. sororia is believed to be the wild ancestor of the other forms.
C. argyrosperma subsp. argyrosperma is further subdivided into C. argyrosperma subsp. argyrosperma var. argyrosperma , C. argyrosperma subsp. argyrosperma var. callicarpa, C. argyrosperma subsp. argyrosperma var. palmieri, and C. argyrosperma subsp. argyrosperma var. stenosperma.
- Subspecies Argyrosperma var. Palmieri
Cucurbita argyrosperma subsp. argyrosperma var. palmeri was formerly considered a separate species within Cucurbita. It is found from the Pacific coast of northwestern Mexico to Nicaragua. It was originally formally described by Liberty Hyde Bailey in 1943, in Gentes Herbarum.
- Subspecies Sororia
Cucurbita argyrosperma subsp. sororia was at one time considered a separate species within Cucurbita. It ranges from northern Mexico to Nicaragua, mostly along the Pacific coast. This species was also considered at one time to be closely related to Cucurbita texana with which it hybridizes well. It was formally described by Liberty Hyde Bailey in 1943, in Gentes Herbarum. In 1948, Cucurbita kellyana was described as an independent species, but this taxa is now considered a synonym for sororia.
II. How to Grow and Care
Sunlight
Japanese pie pumpkin need to provide ample sunlight, which is crucial for healthy development and fruiting.
Watering
Native to warm and temperate regions, japanese pie pumpkin thrives in environments that mimic its origin, requiring consistent moisture levels akin to its natural habitat. This species exhibits a preference for regular hydration without being waterlogged, maintaining a delicate balance of soil dampness. Accordingly, it benefits from watering every week to sustain its health and vigor. As an annual plant with a notable growing season, japanese pie pumpkin often flourishes outdoors where it can capitalize on natural rain patterns, making it essential to adjust irrigation practices according to the precipitation received.
Soil
It’s important to plant Japanese pie pumpkin in well-draining soil to prevent root rot and ensuring the soil remains moist but not waterlogged.
Fertilizing
For optimal growth, japanese pie pumpkin thrives with high-phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, vital for plentiful harvests and robust health. Apply a balanced 5-10-10 NPK formulation monthly during the growing season. Beginning with a smaller dose, gradually increase as japanese pie pumpkin matures, while being mindful to avoid over-fertilization, which can harm the plant and environment. Water soil before and after applying to aid absorption and prevent root burn. Seasonal adjustments are key; reduce frequency in cooler months. Always follow package instructions for safe and effective use, ensuring japanese pie pumpkin receives the right nutrition at each growth phase.
Propagation
Optimal propagation of japanese pie pumpkin involves planting seeds in well-draining soil, providing a sunny location to encourage growth. After the last frost, sow directly into warm soil. Use a gentle hand to bury seeds, as deep planting may hinder sprouting. Consistent moisture aids in germination, while avoiding waterlogged conditions is crucial to prevent rot. For strong establishment, thin seedlings to give ample space, fostering robust development. Careful attention to these practical tips ensures healthy japanese pie pumpkin plants.
Transplanting
The perfect season for transplanting japanese pie pumpkin is late spring to early summer, to take advantage of temperature warmth for optimal growth. Choose a sunny location with well-drained soil for transplanting. Remember, japanese pie pumpkin prefers not being disturbed, so avoid over-handling during the process.
III. Uses and Benefits
- Medicinal uses
Cucurbita argyrosperma also has medicinal properties. A liquid emulsion of its seed can act as a vermifuge, and the subsequent use of a laxative can effect an expulsion of parasitic worms.
The Yucatán peasantry has traditionally used the flesh of Cucurbita argyrosperma to tend burns, sores, and eczema, while the seeds have been used with the aim of promoting lactation in nursing women, and providing pain relief.
- Culinary uses
The flowers, stems, shoots, and unripe fruits of the plant are consumed as vegetables. In the south of Mexico, the wild, more bitter varieties are used in this same way, once washed and cleaned to eliminate cucurbitin. The ripe fruit is grilled to make pies or used to feed animals. The seeds yield an edible oil.
It is also grown in the Sonoran Desert region of the Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico by native peoples, especially the Tohono O’odham, where it is especially prized when immature as a summer squash.