Indian mint (Agastache rugosa) is a perennial flowering plant originally native to East Asia. This species is aromatic and related to mint. Its showy, fragrant flowers attract butterflies, and it is said to be deer-tolerant.
I. Appearance and Characteristics
Agastache rugosa, also known as wrinkled giant hyssop, Korean mint, purple giant hyssop, Indian mint and Chinese patchouli is an aromatic herb in the mint family, native to East Asia (China, Japan, Korea, Russian Primorye, Taiwan, India, and Vietnam).
A. rugosa is a perennial plant growing up to 40–100 centimetres (16–39 inches) tall, with square stalks that branch at the upper part. The oval-cordate leaves are oppositely arranged, 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long and 3–7 cm (1+1⁄4–2+3⁄4 in) broad, with coarsely serrated margins. Some leaves have hair and/or touches of white on the underside. The leaves are slightly larger than those of anise hyssop.
From July to September in the Northern Hemisphere, purple bilabiate flowers bloom in verticillas that are 5–15 cm (2–6 in) long and 2 cm (3⁄4 in) broad. The calyx is 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long, with five narrow triangular lobes. The petals are 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long, lower ones longer and the ones inside serrated. They range in color from rose to violet. The stamens are dynamic, long, and exposed. The fruit is schizocarp, with obovate elliptical mericaps of 1.8 mm (0.071 in).
A. rugosa grows well in fertile, moisture-retentive soils and good sunlight. The aroma becomes weaker in shady conditions.
The plant can be propagated by both sexual and asexual means. The seeds gathered in autumn can be sown in the spring. One can also dig out the plant in autumn or early spring, divide the roots, and plant them at intervals of 30 cm (12 in).
II. How to Grow and Care
Indian mint typically thrives with basic care, making it suitable for gardeners of all levels. Two essential care points for indian mint include ensuring it has well-draining soil and providing it with full to partial sunlight. The most special care point is to avoid overwatering, as indian mint is drought-tolerant and sensitive to excessive moisture.
Sunlight and Soil
Indian mint is easily grown in full sun, in average, dry to medium moisture, well-drained soils. Dislikes damp conditions and needs excellent drainage.
Watering
Thriving in its native moist habitats, indian mint has adapted to require consistent hydration. This species exhibits a preference for regular moisture and is moderately drought-tolerant. To mimic its natural conditions, Indian mint should be watered every week. Cultivated primarily outdoors, Indian mint benefits from a well-draining soil that supports its need for even moisture without becoming waterlogged, especially during its active growing season.
Fertilizing
To foster robust growth and prolific blooming in indian mint, apply a balanced fertilizer in spring as new growth appears. During peak blooming, switch to high-phosphorus fertilizers to enhance flowering and plant health. Use diluted solutions monthly, adhering strictly to the recommended label rates. Avoid over-fertilizing to prevent root burn and environmental harm. As growth slows in autumn, reduce fertilization frequency to prepare indian mint for dormancy. Always water indian mint thoroughly after fertilizing to aid nutrient absorption and safeguard the roots.
Propagation
Indian mint, known for its aromatic foliage and spikes of lavender flowers, thrives when propagated through division. This method involves splitting the root ball or clump into several pieces, each with an adequate number of roots and shoots to ensure survival. Care should be taken to maintain moisture levels and avoid root desiccation during this process. For successful propagation, divide during a period of active growth, which allows indian mint to establish itself quickly in its new location. Ensure each new plant has sufficient space to develop, as indian mint can grow vigorously under optimal conditions.
Transplanting
For successful transplantation of Indian mint, the optimum season is indeed Spring (S1), as the plant can establish roots well before the winter sets in. Choose a sunny location for it to flourish. Remember to keep the soil moist, but avoid waterlogging.
III. Uses and Benefits
- Ornamental uses
Indian mint is an herbaceous perennial that is commonly found in herb gardens. It is noted for its aromatic leaves and eye-catching flowers. Its long flowering season makes it suitable for borders and beds. Indian mint is appropriate for pollinator and cottage gardens. Suggested companion plants include golden marguerite and bee balm for strong color contrast.
- Medicinal uses
China
It is called huòxiāng (Chinese: 藿香) in Chinese and it is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is used interchangeably with guang huo xiang. It was traditionally used to relieve nausea, vomiting and poor appetite. It contains methyl chavicol, anethole, anisaldehyde, limonene, pinene and linalool.
- Culinary uses
Korea
The plant’s Korean name is baechohyang (배초향), but it is more commonly known as banga (방아) in southern parts of Korea, where the herb is extensively cultivated and consumed. In southern Korean cuisine, the herb is a popular last minute addition to various dishes, such as chueo-tang (pond loach stew), and maeun-tang (spicy fish stew). It is also sometimes used as the main ingredient in buchimgae (Korean pancakes).