Rare and unique, the Cornus florida subsp. urbiniana distinguishes itself from other dogwoods with its white bracts gathered at their apex to form small Chinese lanterns. This small tree thrives in sunny, slightly acidic soils and is perfect for small gardens thanks to its moderate size and dual decorative interest: the autumn foliage colouration is as spectacular as its flowering!
I. Appearance and Characteristics
Cornus florida subsp. urbiniana has a narrower habit than other dogwoods. It can reach up to 8 meters in height. It is a semi-hardy bush resistant to temperatures down to -12C that is suitable for all mild climates. It requires a bright location in a non-limestone, light and humus-rich soil, which remains consistently moist but without excess water. It does not appreciate strong winds and prefers a position sheltered from late spring frosts.
II. How to Grow and Care
Sunlight
Cornus florida var. urbiniana prefers full sun and can grow in a slightly shaded environment. It needs 4-6 hours of sunlight per day; if it does not get enough sun, the plant will grow poorly, the branches will become lighter in color, and the number of flowers and fruit will be fewer.
Temperature
Cornus florida var. urbiniana is widely distributed in temperate and subtropical regions and prefers cool, moist environments. It is cold hardy, tolerating temperatures as low as -20 ℃, but fears heat. Cornus florida var. urbiniana is drought-tolerant and requires little water. However, it is necessary to ensure a basic water supply in hot summers.
Watering
There are hundreds of dogwood cultivars growing in the U.S., but one of the most unusual and striking varieties is the Mexican Flowering Dogwood, Cornus florida var. Urbiniana.
Like most flowering dogwoods, it has attractive creamy white “flowers” — actually bracts — that appear in late spring. But, unlike any other variety, the bracts of the Mexican Flowering Dogwood curl around and join at the top, forming a perfect sphere that surrounds the actual tiny green flower. It’s a unique display that will attract attention if you plant your tree in a visible location. The trees are easy to care for and resistant to common diseases of the species such as dogwood anthracnose.
Soil
Cornus florida var. urbiniana is very adaptable, but prefers nutrient-rich, well-drained soil. If the soil is poorly drained, improve it by mixing in some sand. It grows best in neutral or slightly acidic soil with a suitable pH of 5.5-6.6.
Fertilizing
Cornus florida var. urbiniana does not require much fertilizer. Too much fertilization can lead to excessive growth and weaker resistance. If the soil is poor, add a decomposing organic fertilizer in spring. If you want the tree to bloom and flourish, add some potassium fertilizer. Do not apply fertilizer in the first year of planting, because it may damage the newly grown root system. You can apply fertilizer after one year of growth.
Planting Instructions
You can transplant cornus florida var. urbiniana from a pot into a garden anytime throughout the year. If you plan to transplant a seedling with bare roots, do it at the end of fall or early spring to avoid the frost. When transplanting, the planting hole should be wide enough to allow room for the roots to grow. Plant at a depth of two-thirds of the soil ball, so the covered soil is slightly above the ground, which helps drainage. Water the soil well to keep it moist after planting. You can also cover the soil surface with mulch to reduce water evaporation and keep the soil cool.
Pruning
Cornus florida var. urbiniana is characterized by its stunning floral display and unique, layered appearance. Prune this species in early spring before new growth begins. Focus on removing dead or damaged branches to maintain plant health. Thinning the canopy can improve air circulation and light penetration, encouraging a more vibrant bloom. Regular pruning also helps control shape and size, preventing overcrowding. Always use clean, sharp tools to minimize stress and disease risk, ensuring a healthier, more attractive plant.
Propagation
You can propagate cornus florida var. urbiniana using cuttings. In spring, select a vigorously growing branch and cut 15 cm from the top. Use sharp scissors to cut a 45° bevel at the bottom of the branch. Remove the lower leaves and insert the branch in moist soil. Keep the seedlings warm but out of the sun, and they will take root in 4-6 weeks.
Transplanting
Cornus florida var. urbiniana thrives best when transplanted in early to mid-spring for optimal root establishment. Choose a location with partial shade and well-drained soil. Ensure the new site mimics its natural habitat for a smooth transition.
Pests and Diseases
The Cornus florida var. urbiniana is not prone to any pest infestations or diseases and is resistant to the most common dogwood disease, anthracnose. Pests you may see on your tree include aphids, whitefly and scale insects. A healthy tree can usually manage infestations on its own. If the infestation is severe, consider releasing predatory insects such as ladybugs and lacewings to fight them. Infrequently, a tree may show signs of powdery mildew and canker, and root rot is also occasionally seen on the trees. Keep the area around the tree free of leaf litter and debris, and always water at the base of the trunk, keeping leaves dry.
III. Uses and Benefits
With four seasons of interest, the Cornus florida var. urbiniana makes an excellent specimen tree when planted in a highly visible location where it can be admired by those passing by. Consider a small grove of three or five spaced near each other on a sloping front lawn, underplanted with shade-loving perennials such as astilbes or lilyturf. It would work well in front of a larger, darker tree such as an evergreen, where the white flowers will stand out even more. It would also mesh well with plantings in a cottage garden or Asian-themed garden.
