In early spring, when the furry catkins of smaller willow species in the Salix genus appear, they are often referred to as pussy willow. While the name is commonly associated with the North American native deciduous shrub, Salix discolor, two European species, S. caprea and S. cinerea, are also sometimes called pussy willow. These furry catkins are among the earliest signs of spring and are often used in decorative arrangements. While pussy willows are usually found in wild wetland areas, they can be grown in a yard under proper conditions and pruning can enhance their appearance in a landscape.
Some species of pussy willow grow very quickly and can spread rapidly, reaching heights of up to 25 feet. Simply planting a pussy willow branch in the soil can result in a fully grown adult plant in just a few months. Planting is typically done in the spring, but can also be successful during the summer.
- Common Name: Pussy willow, glaucous willow
- Botanical Name: Salix discolor
- Family: Salicaceae
- Plant Type: Deciduous shrub
- Mature Size: 6–25 ft. tall, 4–15 ft. in spread
- Sun Exposure: Full sun, partial shade
- Soil Type: Loamy, rich
- Soil pH: Neutral (6.8–7.2)
- Bloom Time: March to April
- Flower Color: White with yellow stamens and greenish styles
- Hardiness Zones: 4–8 (USDA)
- Native Area: Upper North America
Growing a Pussy Willow Tree
As one of the earliest trees to bud in late winter or early spring, cultivating pussy willows can bring unique charm to your garden, thanks to their soft catkins and subsequent whitish-yellow flowers, which emerge when much of the landscape remains dormant.
To successfully grow pussy willows, selecting the right planting location is crucial. These trees thrive in consistently moist conditions and full to partial sun. If you have a marshy area in your landscape with ample room for root expansion, that would be an ideal spot. Be cautious when planting pussy willows near water lines, sewer lines, or septic tank fields, as their deep, spreading roots can lead to costly issues if placed improperly.
If you’re uncertain about the locations of utility lines on your property, contact your water or utility company before planting; they can usually mark the lines for you, often at no charge. Pussy willows’ deep, extensive root systems make them suitable for soil retention on slopes and erosion control, which is perhaps their most significant function.
When planting a pussy willow tree, select a variety that will fit the available space when fully mature. There are numerous mature sizes to choose from, so avoid creating extra work in maintaining your pussy willows by planting them in an unsuitable location.
Pruning Care of Pussy Willows
When it comes to caring for pussy willow, pruning is an important aspect. If your current plant has grown too large for its space, pollarding – a regular all-over pruning for size – can be included in your pussy willow care routine. Additionally, regardless of where it’s growing, regular renewal pruning should be done. Severe renewal pruning, known as coppicing, is also a successful technique for pussy willow care. As the branches of pussy willow are relatively weak, yearly pruning after the flowers have faded encourages new growth for the following year.
Cutting branches of the pussy willow for indoor display is an excellent use of its catkins and flowers. To do so, cut branches with buds and place them in a tall vase in bright sunlight. In many cases, this will result in indoor blooms before the outdoor tree begins to bud.
