Sand lily (Veltheimia capensis) produces unusual rosette-like flowers that are said to resemble pendants. These flowers, which emerge in spring, may range in hue from red to light pink, occasionally with spots of green. The sand lily’s home territory in South Africa caused it to evolve a strong resistance to droughts.
I. Appearance and Characteristics
Veltheimia capensis is one of two species of flowering plants belonging to the genus Veltheimia, of the family Asparagaceae.
The specific epithet capensis refers to the Western Cape Province of South Africa, a native habitat for the plant. Common names include sand lily, elephant’s eye and winter veltheimia.
V. capensis grows naturally in the dry, arid climate of the northern part of the Western Province in south-western South Africa. Its distribution includes the rocky slopes of Namaqualand and extends through to parts of the Little Karoo.
Leaves of this plant are narrowly lance-shaped, thick and bluish green in color (see picture below). The average leaf size is 30 cm (12 in) long and 4 cm (1.6 in) across. The leaves retain their color throughout spring, summer and autumn. The leaves are in a whorled arrangement around the stem. Stems are also thick and are green in color, mixed with shades of purple. The most noticeable characteristic of the plant is its flower arrangement.
Veltheimia capensis produces rosettes that are arranged in a raceme inflorescence that ultimately resembles a pendant-like shape. Individual flowers are tubular in shape and average 2–3 cm (~1in) in length. The flowers vary from white with red spots to pink with green or red markings. The plant generally flowers in spring and early summer.
V. capensis germinates optimally at temperatures ranging from 19–24 °C (66–75 °F); however, it has also been known to grow in temperatures as low as 5–7 °C (41–45 °F). Soil conditions that are favorable for Veltheimia capensis are soils that are moderately fertile, well drained and experience a pH of 5.5-7.5. The composition of the soil is generally clay loam, [loam], loamy sand, sandy clay loam and sandy loam.
II. How to Grow and Care
Sand lily is known for being a low-maintenance plant suitable for most gardeners. A key special care point is ensuring well-draining soil, as sand lily is susceptible to root rot if overwatered. Furthermore, the plant requires bright, indirect light to flourish without the leaves succumbing to burn. These primary care requirements make sand lily an accessible choice for those seeking an undemanding yet rewarding horticultural endeavor.
Sunlight
Sand lily thrives in full sun exposure to promote robust growth and bounteous flowering. When provided with optimal light intensity, sand lily’s health and vigor are significantly enhanced, ensuring a resilient life cycle. While sand lily tolerates partial sun, extended periods in subdued lighting can lead to less prolific blooming and potential vitality deficits. Sand lily naturally adapts to changing light through morphological leaf adjustments, optimizing photosynthesis. In outdoor environments, sand lily should be situated in unobstructed sun-drenched locations. Indoors, placements adjacent to bright, sunny windows best mirror sand lily’s ideal conditions.
Watering
Sand lily is a plant that thrives in arid environments, demonstrating an impressive drought tolerance. Its water habits are relatively balanced, not requiring excessive hydration. It is typically watered every week to maintain its health and vitality. Being an evergreen plant, sand lily retains its leaves throughout the year, which aids in conserving water during drier periods.
Soil
Sand lily thrives in well-draining soil to prevent root rot. A suitable soil mix includes equal parts potting soil, coarse sand, and peat or coco coir for water retention. Ensure high drainage by adding perlite. For home mixing, substitute sand with gravel if coarse sand isn’t available. Seasonal application of a balanced, slow-release fertilizer will support sand lily’s growth. Water only when the topsoil feels dry to avoid water-logging.
Fertilizing
For sand lily, a balanced, high phosphorus fertilizer encourages robust growth and vibrant blooms. Apply monthly during active growth, tapering off in dormancy. Precise dosage depends on the product, with dilute solutions preventing root burn. Seasonal adjustments are key: more in spring, less in fall. Using liquid fertilizers facilitates controlled application, ensuring sand lily’s delicate roots aren’t overwhelmed. Always follow label directions for optimal results and plant health.
Propagation
A native of South Africa, sand lily thrives under cultivation when its specific needs are expertly catered to. Its bulbous nature suggests the primary method of propagation is through offsets, an approach that allows for genetic consistency and vigorous growth. Seeds may also be utilized, but such a method typically necessitates a longer maturation period for new plants.
For successful propagation, a well-draining soil mix and careful attention to watering practices are crucial. Offsets should be gently detached from the parent bulb during the dormant period and potted individually. When opting to grow from seeds, patience is key, as sand lily will require several years to flower from seedlings.
Transplanting
The prime time to relocate sand lily is when spring emerges, as the mild weather supports root establishment. Choose a bright, well-draining spot and gently introduce sand lily to its new home for optimal growth.
Repotting
Repot sand lily every 2-3 years in late winter, as it’s a bulbous plant with a season of dormancy. Use a pot just larger than the bulb clump, allowing growth without oversizing. Post-repotting, provide light watering and avoid direct sunlight for a week to facilitate acclimation and strong future growth.