Wild quinine, Eastern Feverfew, or Parthenium integrifolium, is a perennial herb that grows easily in prairies, meadows, and disturbed areas. It blooms longer than most perennials, and will grow in part shade to full sun and average, well-draining soil.
I. Appearance and Characteristics
Parthenium integrifolium is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names wild quinine, American feverfew, and eastern feverfew. It is native to the eastern and midwestern United States.
This plant is a perennial herb growing up to 1 meter (3.3 ft) high. The glandular leaves are oval to lance-shaped and variable in size. They have serrated, toothed, or lobed edges. Some authorities recognize two varieties based on leaf shape: var. integrifolium and var. mabryanum. The inflorescence is an array of several flower heads containing 15 or more whitish disc florets and 5 to 6 ray florets. The flowers have a pleasant smell, which is mildly medicinal.
Butterflies and hummingbirds will flock to this lovely wildflower in search of its sweet-tasting nectar.
This plant grows in disturbed areas as well as prairies, meadows, woodland edges, and hillsides. It does best in full sun, but does well enough in part shade. It grows in most any well-drained soil from sandy loam to good quality clay. It tolerates hot and cold climates and can be used as a garden plant in many areas. It has a long blooming period of June into September; one of the longer blooming perennials. The winter inflorescences are attractive and make a good dried flower arrangement indoors. It is sold by a good number of native plant nurseries.
II. How to Grow and Care
Wild quinine is a hardy perennial plant that generally requires minimal maintenance, making it an easy addition to many gardens. Key care points include ensuring full sun exposure and planting in well-draining soil, as wild quinine is drought-tolerant once established. Avoid overwatering to prevent root rot. No special fertilization is needed, making wild quinine a low-maintenance choice for gardeners.
Sunlight and Soil
The best growing conditions for quinine plants include fertile, well-drained soil and full sun to light shade.
Watering
Originating from North American prairies, wild quinine is adapted to periodic droughts and thrives in well-drained soils. Its water habits are best described as moderately drought-tolerant, requiring a balance between moisture retention and drainage. Watering should occur once every week to maintain optimal health. As an herbaceous perennial, wild quinine benefits significantly from consistent watering during its active growing season to support its robust flowering.
Fertilizing
For optimal growth, wild quinine thrives with occasional fertilization using balanced or high-phosphorus fertilizers to promote flowering. Apply quarterly at the beginning of each growing season, using a general 10-10-10 NPK formula or a 5-10-5 for increased blooms, following label rates to avoid overfeeding. Adjust these applications as wild quinine moves from growth to flowering stage, prioritizing phosphorus-rich fertilizers during bloom periods. Use sparingly; wild quinine is resilient and can suffer from excessive care. Always water thoroughly post-application to aid nutrient absorption and prevent root burn.
Propagation
Originating from North America, wild quinine is a resilient perennial that thrives in a range of environments. To propagate wild quinine, division is the optimal approach, typically executed by carefully separating the vigorous clumps during the dormant period. Ensure each division has ample roots and shoots for successful establishment. Replant divisions promptly at the same soil depth as they were originally, in well-draining soil, ensuring they have adequate space to flourish. Regular watering after transplantation until established encourages robust growth.
Transplanting
Aptly called the ‘Platinum Queen’ of repositioning, wild quinine prefers to be transplanted in the lushness of spring (S3). Its vitality blossoms best in sunny locations with well-drained soil. Remember, transplanting this beauty requires extra care, ensuring a captivating landscape effortlessly.
Pests and Diseases
There are no known pests or diseases of the wild quinine making it a great addition to a chemical-free garden.
III. Uses and Benefits
- Ornamental uses
Wild Quinine is an ideal addition to prairies and meadows, rock gardens, cottage gardens or naturalized areas.
Due to its persistent bloom, this plant adds great late season color and makes a lovely dried flower for indoor arrangements as well.
- Medicinal uses
The leaves of the plant contain tannins and the plant was used for medicinal and veterinary purposes by Native Americans. The Catawba people used it as a poultice to treat burns. The ashes were applied to horses with “sore backs”. The roots were made into a tea to treat dysentery.