Eggplant (Solanum melongena)

Eggplant Tree, also commonly known as Pepino Dulce, Pepino Melon, Tree Melon, or by its botanical name Solanum muricatum, is a fascinating and rewarding plant to cultivate. Related to both eggplants and tomatoes, this South American native offers a unique blend of flavors and a relatively easy growing experience.

This comprehensive guide, brought to you by Gardencenterpoint.com, will delve into everything you need to know about growing a thriving Solanum muricatum, from seed to harvest. We will uncover fascinating details, provide step-by-step instructions, and even help you find the best resources to buy eggplant tree seeds and start your own flavorful journey. Keep reading to discover expert tips and make your gardening dreams a reality. You’ll learn how to grow eggplant tree from seed and find the perfect pepino melon growing guide.

What is an Eggplant Tree (Solanum muricatum)?

The term “Eggplant Tree” typically refers to Solanum muricatum, a species of evergreen shrub native to the Andes region of South America. While not a true tree in the botanical sense, it can grow to a substantial size, resembling a small, bushy tree. It’s a member of the Solanaceae family, which includes other familiar plants like tomatoes, peppers, and, of course, eggplants. However, it’s crucial to distinguish it from the actual eggplant (Solanum melongena). The “eggplant” in its common name refers to the shape and sometimes the color of some of its fruit varieties, which can resemble small eggplants.

Common name	Pepino Melon, Tree Melon, Pepino Dulce, Pear Melon, Mellowfruit,
Botanical name	Solanum muricatum
Family	Solanaceae (Nightshade family)
Genus	Solanum
Species	muricatum
Origin	Andes region of South America (Peru, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador)
Native	South America
Life cycle	Perennial (often grown as an annual in cooler climates)
Plant type	Evergreen Shrub (can be trained as a small tree)
Hardiness zone	9-11 (USDA Zones)
Sunlight	Full Sun (at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day)
Maintenance	Moderate
Water	Moderate (consistent moisture, but well-drained)
Drainage	Well-Drained (essential to prevent root rot)
Spacing	2-3 feet between plants, 3-4 feet between rows
Flowering period	Late Spring/Summer (depending on climate and planting time)
Fruiting Period	4-6 months after planting
Height	3-6 feet (can grow taller with support)
Width	2-4 feet
Growth rate	Relatively Fast
Fruit color	Varies by variety (yellow, purple, green, often with stripes)
Flesh color	Typically pale yellow or orange
Stem color	Green, sometimes with purple tinges
Leaf color	Green
Flower color	Purple, Blue, White
Fruit benefit	Sweet, melon-like flavor; good source of vitamin C and antioxidants
Garden style	Container Garden, Vegetable Garden, Edible Landscape
Uses	Fresh eating, salads, smoothies, salsas, desserts, savory dishes
Soil pH	6.0-7.0 (slightly acidic to neutral)
Soil type	Sandy Loam to Loam, tolerates a range of soil.
Propagation	Seed, cuttings
Pest and disease suseptibility	Aphids, Whiteflies, Spider mites, Early Blight, Late Blight, Verticillium wilt.

The fruit of the Solanum muricatum, often called Pepino Melon or Tree Melon, is the main attraction. These fruits vary in size, shape, and color, but they typically have a smooth, thin skin that can range from yellow to purple, often with stripes or streaks. The flesh is usually pale yellow or orange and has a sweet, juicy flavor reminiscent of a combination of honeydew melon, cucumber, and cantaloupe. The fruit is typically seedless or contains very few small, edible seeds.

Solanum muricatum is a perennial plant in warmer climates (USDA zones 9-11) but is often grown as an annual in cooler regions. It prefers a warm, sunny location with well-drained soil and regular watering. It’s relatively easy to grow, making it a popular choice for home gardeners. The plant produces fruit relatively quickly, often within 4-6 months of planting.

Key Distinctions from True Eggplants (Solanum melongena):

Feature	Eggplant Tree (Solanum muricatum)	True Eggplant (Solanum melongena)
Common Name(s)	Pepino Melon, Tree Melon, Pepino Dulce	Eggplant, Aubergine, Brinjal
Fruit Flavor	Sweet, melon-like	Mildly bitter, savory
Fruit Texture	Juicy, soft	Firm, spongy
Fruit Use	Typically eaten fresh	Typically cooked
Growth Habit	Shrub-like, sprawling	More upright, bushier
Cold Hardiness	Less hardy (zones 9-11)	Slightly more hardy (zones 9-12)
Seed Size	Small and Edible	Larger and typically removed

A study published in the Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture in 2020 analyzed the nutritional composition of pepino melon and found it to be a good source of vitamin C, potassium, and antioxidants. This highlights the potential health benefits of incorporating this fruit into a balanced diet.

Varieties of Eggplant Tree (Pepino Melon)

Several cultivars of Solanum muricatum have been developed, each with unique characteristics in terms of fruit size, shape, color, and flavor. Here are some popular varieties:

• ‘Golden Globe’: This variety produces round, golden-yellow fruits with a sweet, melon-like flavor. It’s known for its high yields and relatively compact growth habit.
• ‘Temptation’: A smaller variety that is suitable to be grown in containers, it is seedless and produces sweet tasting fruit.
• ‘Purple’: As the name suggests, this variety produces fruits with purple skin, often with green stripes. The flesh is typically pale yellow and has a sweet, slightly tangy flavor.
• ‘El Camino’: This cultivar is known for its vigorous growth and large, oval-shaped fruits. The fruits have yellow skin with purple stripes and a sweet, aromatic flavor.
• ‘Vista’: ‘Vista’ is a popular choice for its consistent fruit production and disease resistance. The fruits are typically medium-sized, with yellow skin and purple stripes.
• ‘Rio Bamba’: This variety produces fruits with unique, elongated shapes. The skin is yellow with prominent purple stripes, and the flesh is known for its intense sweetness.
• ‘Sweet Long’: Long, slighly curved yellow fruit with purple stripes. A mild, sweet flavour.

Choosing the right variety depends on your personal preferences, climate, and growing conditions. Consider factors like fruit size, flavor, and disease resistance when making your selection. Experimenting with different varieties can be a fun way to discover your favorites.

How to Grow Eggplant Tree from Seed

Growing Solanum muricatum from seed is a rewarding process, although it requires patience and attention to detail. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

1. Seed Starting (Indoors): Start seeds indoors 8-10 weeks before the last expected frost.
   • Materials: Use a seed-starting mix, small pots or seed trays, a spray bottle, and a warm, bright location (or grow lights).
   • Sowing: Sow seeds about ¼ inch deep in the seed-starting mix. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
   • Germination: Seeds typically germinate within 14-21 days at a soil temperature of 75-85°F (24-29°C). A heat mat can help maintain optimal soil temperature.
   • Seedling Care: Once seedlings emerge, provide them with plenty of light (12-16 hours per day). If using grow lights, keep them a few inches above the seedlings. Water regularly, allowing the soil to dry slightly between waterings.
2. Transplanting (Outdoors): Transplant seedlings outdoors after the danger of frost has passed and the soil has warmed to at least 60°F (15°C).
   • Hardening Off: Before transplanting, gradually acclimate the seedlings to outdoor conditions by exposing them to increasing amounts of sunlight and wind over a week or two. This process is called “hardening off” and helps prevent transplant shock.
   • Spacing: Space plants 2-3 feet apart in rows 3-4 feet apart. This provides ample room for growth and air circulation.
   • Planting Depth: Plant seedlings at the same depth they were growing in their containers.
   • Watering: Water thoroughly after transplanting.
3. Ongoing Care:
   • Sunlight: Solanum muricatum requires at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day.
   • Watering: Water regularly, especially during dry periods. Aim to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Mulching around the plants can help conserve moisture.
   • Fertilizing: Feed plants every 4-6 weeks with a balanced fertilizer, following package instructions. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of fruit production.
   • Pruning: Prune plants to encourage bushier growth and improve air circulation. Remove any suckers (shoots that grow from the base of the plant) and any dead or damaged branches.
   • Support: As the plants grow, they may need support to prevent them from sprawling on the ground. Stakes, cages, or trellises can be used.
   • Pest Control: Monitor for pests using visual inspections.

How to Grow Eggplant Tree from Cuttings

Growing Solanum muricatum from cuttings is a relatively easy and efficient way to propagate new plants. This method allows you to create clones of your favorite plants, ensuring that the new plants will have the same characteristics as the parent plant.

1. Selecting Cuttings:
   • Choose healthy, non-flowering stems from a mature Solanum muricatum plant.
   • The best time to take cuttings is in the spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
   • Look for stems that are about 4-6 inches long and have at least 2-3 nodes (the points where leaves emerge).
2. Preparing Cuttings:
   • Using a clean, sharp knife or pruning shears, cut the stem just below a node.
   • Remove the lower leaves from the cutting, leaving only the top 2-3 leaves.
   • Optional: Dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone. This can help stimulate root growth, but it’s not strictly necessary.
3. Planting Cuttings:
   • Fill a small pot or container with a well-draining potting mix, such as a mixture of perlite and peat moss.
   • Make a hole in the potting mix with a pencil or your finger.
   • Insert the cutting into the hole, ensuring that at least one node is buried in the soil.
   • Gently firm the soil around the cutting.
4. Caring for Cuttings:
   • Water the cutting thoroughly after planting.
   • Place the pot in a warm, bright location, but out of direct sunlight.
   • Keep the soil consistently moist, but not waterlogged. A humidity dome or plastic bag can help maintain humidity around the cutting.
   • Roots should develop within 2-4 weeks. You can gently tug on the cutting to check for resistance, which indicates root growth.
5. Transplanting Cuttings:
   • Once the cutting has developed a good root system, it can be transplanted into a larger pot or directly into the garden.
   • Harden off the cutting before transplanting it outdoors, just as you would with seedlings.

Pest and Disease Management

While Solanum muricatum is generally a hardy plant, it can be susceptible to certain pests and diseases. Regular monitoring and preventative measures are key to keeping your plants healthy.

Common Pests

Aphids: Small, soft-bodied insects that suck sap from leaves and stems. They can be controlled with insecticidal soap or neem oil.

Whiteflies: Tiny, white, flying insects that also suck sap. They can be controlled with insecticidal soap or yellow sticky traps.

Spider Mites: Microscopic pests that cause stippling and yellowing of leaves. They thrive in hot, dry conditions. Increase humidity and use miticides if necessary.

Tomato Hornworms: Large caterpillars that can quickly defoliate plants. Handpick them or use Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a biological insecticide.

Common Diseases

Early Blight: A fungal disease that causes dark, concentric spots on leaves. It can be prevented by providing good air circulation and avoiding overhead watering.

Late Blight: A serious fungal disease that can rapidly kill plants. It’s more common in cool, wet weather. Use resistant varieties and fungicides if necessary.

Verticillium Wilt: A soilborne fungal disease that causes wilting and yellowing of leaves. Rotate crops and use resistant varieties.

Integrated Pest Management

The best approach to pest and disease management is to use an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy. This involves combining various methods, including:

• Cultural Practices: Choosing resistant varieties, providing proper spacing and watering, and maintaining good soil health.
• Biological Control: Introducing beneficial insects, such as ladybugs and lacewings, that prey on pests.
• Physical Control: Using row covers to protect plants from pests, handpicking pests, and using sticky traps.
• Chemical Control: Using pesticides as a last resort, and choosing the least toxic options.

A study published in the Journal of Economic Entomology in 2018 investigated the effectiveness of different IPM strategies for controlling pests in pepino melon crops. The study found that a combination of cultural practices, biological control, and selective use of insecticides was the most effective approach.

Harvesting and Storing Eggplant Tree Fruit

Knowing when and how to harvest your Pepino Melons is crucial for enjoying their optimal flavor and texture.

• Determining Ripeness:
  • Color: The skin color changes from green to yellow or purple, depending on the variety. Look for a deep, uniform color.
  • Feel: The fruit should feel slightly soft to the touch, similar to a ripe peach or plum. Avoid squeezing too hard, as this can bruise the fruit.
  • Smell: Ripe pepino melons often have a sweet, fragrant aroma.
  • Time: Most varieties are ready to harvest about 4-6 months after planting.
• Harvesting Technique:
  • Use a sharp knife or pruning shears to cut the fruit from the stem. Avoid pulling or twisting the fruit, as this can damage the plant.
  • Handle the fruit gently to prevent bruising.
• Storing:
  • Room Temperature: Ripe pepino melons can be stored at room temperature for a few days.
  • Refrigeration: For longer storage, refrigerate ripe fruits in the crisper drawer for up to 1-2 weeks.
  • Freezing: Pepino melons can be frozen, but their texture will change. They’re best used in smoothies or cooked dishes after freezing. To freeze, peel and slice the fruit, then freeze in a single layer on a baking sheet before transferring to a freezer bag.

Culinary Uses and Nutritional Benefits

Pepino melons, the fruit of the Solanum muricatum or Eggplant Tree, offer a delightful versatility in the kitchen, complemented by a range of nutritional advantages. Their sweet and refreshing flavor profile, often described as a blend of honeydew, cucumber, and cantaloupe, lends itself to diverse culinary applications.

Culinary Delights

• Fresh Consumption: The simplest and perhaps most satisfying way to enjoy a pepino melon is to savor it fresh. The texture is typically juicy and soft, making it a refreshing treat on its own. Simply slice the fruit into wedges, scoop out the small, edible seeds if desired, and enjoy. It’s a perfect addition to a fruit platter or a healthy snack.
• Salad Sensations: Pepino melon adds a unique sweetness and textural contrast to various salads.
  • Fruit Salads: Dice or cube the pepino melon and combine it with other fruits like berries, mangoes, or kiwi for a vibrant and flavorful fruit salad. A light dressing of lime juice and honey can enhance the flavors.
  • Green Salads: Add pepino melon to green salads featuring leafy greens, nuts, and cheese for a refreshing twist. Its sweetness pairs well with savory ingredients.
  • Grain Salads: Incorporate pepino melon into grain salads made with quinoa, couscous, or farro. The juicy texture complements the grains and adds a touch of sweetness.
• Smoothie Superstar: Pepino melon blends seamlessly into smoothies, providing a boost of hydration and natural sweetness.
  • Combine pepino melon with other fruits like bananas, strawberries, or pineapple.
  • Add yogurt, milk (dairy or non-dairy), or protein powder for a more substantial smoothie.
  • A squeeze of lime juice or a few mint leaves can add extra freshness.
• Salsa Surprise: The unexpected sweetness of pepino melon makes it a fantastic ingredient for unique salsas.
  • Dice pepino melon finely and combine it with traditional salsa ingredients like tomatoes, onions, cilantro, and jalapenos.
  • The sweetness of the pepino melon balances the heat of the jalapenos and creates a complex flavor profile.
  • Serve with tortilla chips, grilled fish, or tacos.
• Dessert Delights: Pepino melon’s natural sweetness makes it a suitable ingredient for various desserts.
  • Sorbets and Ice Creams: Puree pepino melon and use it as a base for sorbets or ice creams. Its high water content creates a smooth and refreshing texture.
  • Fruit Tarts and Pastries: Use sliced or diced pepino melon as a filling for fruit tarts or pastries. Its sweetness pairs well with buttery crusts.
  • Compotes and Sauces: Cook pepino melon down with a little sugar and spices to create a compote or sauce that can be served with desserts or yogurt.
• Savory Explorations: While often used in sweet dishes, pepino melon can also add an intriguing element to savory preparations.
  • Chutneys and Relishes: Combine pepino melon with ingredients like ginger, onions, vinegar, and spices to create a sweet and savory chutney or relish.
  • Sauces for Meat and Fish: Pepino melon can be used to create sauces for grilled or roasted meats and fish. Its sweetness complements the savory flavors.
  • Appetizers: Serve sliced pepino melon with prosciutto or other cured meats for a sweet and salty appetizer.

Nutritional Powerhouse

Beyond its culinary appeal, pepino melon offers a range of nutritional benefits, making it a healthy addition to a balanced diet.

• Vitamin C Champion: Pepino melons are a notable source of vitamin C, a potent antioxidant.
  • Vitamin C plays a crucial role in supporting the immune system, helping the body fight off infections.
  • It’s also essential for collagen production, promoting healthy skin, and wound healing.
  • A study published in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition highlights the importance of vitamin C for overall health.
• Potassium Provider: Pepino melons are a good source of potassium, an essential mineral and electrolyte.
  • Potassium helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance in the body.
  • It also plays a role in muscle function and nerve transmission.
  • Adequate potassium intake is associated with a reduced risk of stroke and heart disease.
• Fiber Friend: Pepino melons contain dietary fiber, contributing to digestive health.
  • Fiber helps regulate bowel movements and prevents constipation.
  • It also promotes feelings of fullness, which can be beneficial for weight management.
  • A diet rich in fiber is associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and type 2 diabetes.
• Antioxidant Abundance: Pepino melons contain various antioxidants, in addition to vitamin C.
  • Antioxidants help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can contribute to aging and disease.
  • A diet rich in antioxidants is associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases.
• Hydration Helper: Due to their high water content, pepino melons contribute to overall hydration.
  • Staying hydrated is essential for various bodily functions, including temperature regulation, nutrient transport, and waste removal.

Nutritional Data (per 100g serving – approximate values):

Nutrient	Amount
Calories	30-40
Carbohydrates	7-10g
Fiber	1-2g
Sugar	6-8g
Vitamin C	20-30mg (33-50% of Daily Value)
Potassium	200-300mg (6-9% of Daily Value)
Water Content	~90%

Note: These values can vary depending on the variety and ripeness of the pepino melon.

The Eggplant Tree, or Solanum muricatum, is a rewarding and relatively easy-to-grow plant that offers a unique and delicious fruit. With the right knowledge and care, you can successfully cultivate this fascinating plant in your own garden and enjoy the sweet, melon-like flavor of its Pepino Melons. This guide has provided a comprehensive overview of everything you need to know, from seed to harvest, and beyond. Remember to adapt the information to your specific climate and growing conditions, and don’t be afraid to experiment and learn along the way.

Eggplant vs Brinjal: Are They the Same?

Yes, eggplant and brinjal are the same thing. They are simply different names for the same plant, Solanum melongena. The term used depends largely on regional preferences and cultural influences.

Understanding the Terminology: A Global Perspective

The word “eggplant” is predominantly used in North America and Australia. Its origin likely stems from the appearance of some early European cultivars, which produced small, white, egg-shaped fruits, resembling hen’s eggs.

“Brinjal,” on the other hand, is the common term in South Asia (particularly India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka), Southeast Asia, and South Africa. The word has its roots in Portuguese (“beringela”), which itself is derived from Arabic and ultimately from Sanskrit.

In the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe, “aubergine” is the preferred term. This word comes from French and has Catalan and Arabic origins.

So, while the names differ, the underlying plant and its fruit remain identical. Whether you call it eggplant, brinjal, or aubergine, you’re referring to Solanum melongena, a member of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), which also includes tomatoes, potatoes, and peppers.

Why the Different Names Matter

While the names are interchangeable, understanding the regional variations can be helpful in several contexts:

• Recipe Comprehension: If you’re following a recipe from a specific region, knowing the local term for Solanum melongena will ensure you select the correct ingredient. A recipe from India will likely use “brinjal,” while an American recipe will use “eggplant.”
• Travel and Cultural Awareness: Being aware of the different names demonstrates cultural sensitivity and can facilitate communication when traveling or interacting with people from different backgrounds.
• Botanical Accuracy: In scientific contexts, Solanum melongena is the universally accepted name, avoiding any regional confusion.

However, in most everyday situations, the different names don’t significantly impact understanding. If you’re discussing gardening, cooking, or nutrition, the context will usually make it clear that you’re talking about the same plant, regardless of the specific term used.

Beyond the Name: Exploring Varieties

While eggplant and brinjal are synonymous, it’s worth noting that there’s a vast diversity within Solanum melongena. Different cultivars (cultivated varieties) exhibit a wide range of:

• Fruit Shapes: From long and slender to round and plump, the shape of eggplants can vary significantly.
• Fruit Sizes: Eggplants can range in size from small, golf ball-sized fruits to large, football-sized ones.
• Fruit Colors: While the classic eggplant is deep purple, there are also varieties with white, green, yellow, orange, and even striped skin.
• Flavors and Textures: Some varieties have a milder flavor, while others have a more pronounced bitterness. The texture can also vary from creamy to firm.

These variations are often associated with specific regions and culinary traditions. For example, long, slender eggplants are common in Asian cuisine, while large, globe-shaped eggplants are often used in Mediterranean dishes.

Eggplant and brinjal are simply different names for the same delicious and versatile vegetable. The term used depends on where you are in the world. Understanding this simple fact can help you navigate recipes, communicate effectively, and appreciate the global diversity of this popular plant. Gardencenterpoint encourages you to explore the many varieties of Solanum melongena and discover your favorites.