Chinese Crab Apple (Malus hupehensis) is a deciduous tree that produces bright red, cherry-sized crab-apples. Chinese Crab Apple is native to China, and is also commonly referred to as the Hupeh crab or the tea crabapple.
I. Appearance and CharacteristicsÂ
Malus hupehensis, common names Chinese crab apple, Hupeh crab or tea crabapple, is a species of flowering plant in the apple genus Malus of the family Rosaceae. It is native to China.
Malus is the ancient Latin name for apple trees. Hupehensis means ‘from Hubei province, China’. ‘Hubei’ was formerly spelled ‘Hupeh’ or ‘Hupei’ in English.
Chinese Crab Apple is a deciduous tree with a moderate growth rate and a broadly vase-shaped, arching form.
The leaves of Chinese Crab Apple are 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) long, displaying a purplish hue when young, which transitions to a striking yellow and copper color in the fall. They are typically oval or lanceolate in shape with a smooth, glossy texture. The leaf margins are serrated with fine toothing, and the vein pattern is typically pinnate, with the main vein running down the center and smaller veins branching off towards the edges.
Chinese Crab Apple produces deep pink buds that unfurl into fragrant white flowers. Each flower typically measures about 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter, displaying five petals in a radial arrangement. The blossoms are conspicuous for their delicate transition from pink to white, often tinged with hints of pink at the edges. They emit a pleasant, sweet fragrance and usually bloom in spring. The flowers are borne in clusters, enhancing their visual and olfactory appeal.
The fruit of Chinese Crab Apple is small, with a diameter of approximately 0.4 inches (1 cm). Its coloration transitions from greenish-yellow to a rich red as it matures in the fall. Though diminutive, these fruits typically appear in abundance, creating a vibrant display. The surface texture is often smooth, and the shape is uniform, resembling miniature apples. These fruits are a notable feature for identification, particularly when observed in large clusters that festoon the branches during the harvest season.
II. How to Grow and Care
Chinese Crabapple necessitates full sun exposure for optimal growth, making it necessary to ensure that Chinese Crabapple receives adequate light. Chinese Crabapple also thrives in well-drained soil, which is critical to avoid issues such as root rot. Regular watering that keeps the soil moist but not soggy is key, and Chinese Crabapple is relatively low-maintenance making the care relatively easy.
Sunlight
Chinese Crabapple prefers sunlight and grows well in full sun. Sufficient sunlight for about 8 hours a day is recommended. Sunlight will have a great impact on flower colors, while insufficient sunlight will lead to lighter colors. If there is strong light in summer, Chinese Crabapple needs proper shady conditions to avoid high-temperature injuries. Too much light may cause leaf curling or spots on stems and leaves.
Temperature
Widely distributed in the northern temperate zone, Chinese Crabapple is generally very adaptable to the distinct seasons, including hot summers and cold winters. It can tolerate temperatures as low as -30 ℃. Chinese Crabapple can’t tolerate extremely high temperatures in summer; temperatures above 32 ℃ will affect its growth. The tree is drought-tolerant and doesn’t require much water, hence, avoid over-watering it.
Watering
Originating from East Asia, chinese Crabapple thrives in moderate humidity, indicative of its natural setting with balanced moisture levels. It exhibits a preference for consistent moisture without being waterlogged, showcasing moderate drought tolerance. For optimal hydration, it’s best to water chinese Crabapple once every two weeks. Cultivated primarily outdoors, chinese Crabapple is an ornamental deciduous plant that bursts into spectacular bloom in spring; thus, ensuring adequate watering during its growing season is crucial for the display of its vibrant flowers.
Soil
Chinese Crabapple can adapt to various soils. The most suitable soil for growth is slightly acidic or neutral, humus-rich, loose, well-drained, and sandy. The best pH range for the soil is 6-8. During cultivation, the soil can be mixed with garden soil, peat soil, and organic fertilizer in a proportion of 6:3:1.
Fertilizing
For Chinese Crabapple, apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring to kickstart growth. Repeat fertilization midsummer to enhance flowering and fruiting. Moderate quantities, following product guidelines, prevent overfertilization harm. Seasonal growth dictates less frequent, reduced applications during fall. Water thoroughly post-application to aid nutrient absorption. Wear gloves and avoid overuse to protect chinese Crabapple and soil health.
Pruning
Pruning is very important for Chinese Crabapple and is usually performed between late fall after its leaves drop and early spring before it sprouts. Pruning not only keeps branches scattered and maintains the tree’s shape, but also ensures ventilation and sunlight transmission, which is conducive to its growth. Promptly cut off dense, overlapping, thin, and infected branches, or prune out a suitable and aesthetic shape based on the viewing environment.
When blooming, you can also cut off some branches and cut away withered flowers to promote budding and the blossoming of new branches.
When pruning and cutting longer branches, leave enough new buds for branches to grow better afterward.
Propagation
Rooted in the Rosaceae family, chinese Crabapple is a deciduous tree renowned for its ornamental flora. When propagating chinese Crabapple, sowing is a common practice aimed at induction of root development from seeds. For successful germination, stratify the seeds to overcome dormancy and mimic natural conditions. After stratification, sowing should occur in well-draining, fertile soil. Consistent moisture and protection from harsh conditions will encourage seedling growth. It’s essential for gardeners to also guard against potential diseases that could impede germination.
Transplanting
The best period for relocating Chinese Crabapple is the vernal season, a time of renewal and vigorous growth. Choose a sunny spot with well-draining soil to give chinese Crabapple a new beginning, ensuring it thrives in its fresh locale. A gentle approach with roots is key.
III. Uses and BenefitsÂ
Chinese Crab Apple is perfect as a specimen plant in city gardens or cottage gardens.
