Fishpole Bamboo (Phyllostachys aurea)

Fishpole Bamboo, also known commonly as Phyllostachys aurea, Golden Bamboo, or Walking Stick Bamboo, is a remarkably versatile and visually striking running bamboo species valued for its rapid growth and distinctive golden-yellow culms. This vigorous plant offers a dynamic addition to gardens, providing privacy screens, hedges, and even unique ornamental features, you will explore its many uses.

In this comprehensive guide, Gardencenterpoint.com will delve into everything you need to know about Fishpole Bamboo. We’ll cover its characteristics, growing requirements, care tips, and even address potential challenges like controlling its spread, buying, planting. Continue reading to unlock the secrets to successfully cultivating this beautiful and functional bamboo.

Understanding Fishpole Bamboo: Characteristics and Identification

Fishpole Bamboo (Phyllostachys aurea) belongs to the Poaceae (grass) family and is native to Southeast China. It’s a “running” bamboo, meaning it spreads via underground rhizomes. This characteristic is crucial to understand, as it dictates how you’ll manage its growth in your garden.

Common name	Fishpole Bamboo, Golden Bamboo, Walking Stick Bamboo
Botanical name	Phyllostachys aurea
Family	Poaceae
Genus	Phyllostachys
Species	aurea
Origin	Southeast China
Native	Not native to USA, but widely cultivated
Life cycle	Perennial
Plant type	Running Bamboo
Hardiness zone	Typically zones 6-10, some sources say zone 5 with protection
Sunlight	Full Sun to Partial Shade
Maintenance	Moderate (due to containment needs)
Water	Moderate, drought-tolerant once established
Drainage	Well-Drained
Spacing	3-5 ft. for screens, 5-10+ ft. for open groves
Flowering period	Rare, infrequent
Height	20-35 ft. (can exceed in optimal conditions)
Growth rate	Fast
Culm color	Golden Yellow (when exposed to sun), Greenish when young or shaded
Leaf color	Green
Culm benefit	Strong, straight, used for various purposes
Garden style	Asian Garden, Contemporary Garden, Privacy Screen, Hedge
Uses	Privacy Screen, Hedge, Ornamental, Windbreak, Erosion Control, Crafts, Construction
Soil pH	Slightly Acidic to Neutral (6.0-7.0)
Spread	Via underground rhizomes (running bamboo)
Culm Diameter	1-2 inches
Leaf Shape	Lance-shaped
Leaf size	4-7 inches long, 0.5-1 inch Wide

Key Identifying Features:

• Culm Color: The most distinctive feature is the golden-yellow color of the culms (canes), especially when exposed to sunlight. Younger culms may be greener, developing their characteristic golden hue with age.
• Sulcus Groove: A shallow groove, called a sulcus, runs along the length of each internode (the section between the nodes) on alternating sides of the culm. This is a key identifying feature that distinguishes Phyllostachys aurea from some other bamboo species.
• Node Rings: The nodes (the raised rings along the culm) are prominent and often slightly compressed, giving the bamboo a somewhat flattened appearance at the nodes.
• Height: Fishpole Bamboo can reach impressive heights, typically between 20 and 35 feet (6-10.5 meters) in optimal conditions, with some specimens growing even taller. The diameter of the culms usually ranges from 1 to 2 inches (2.5-5 cm).
• Leaves: The leaves are lance-shaped, typically 4-7 inches (10-18 cm) long and 0.5-1 inch (1.3-2.5 cm) wide, with a bright green color.
• Growth Habit: As a running bamboo, it spreads horizontally via rhizomes. This can be both a benefit (for rapid screening) and a challenge (requiring containment).

Scientific Classification:

Category	Classification
Kingdom	Plantae
Division	Tracheophyta
Class	Liliopsida
Order	Poales
Family	Poaceae
Genus	Phyllostachys
Species	Phyllostachys aurea

Distinguishing Phyllostachys aurea from Similar Species:

It’s important to differentiate Fishpole Bamboo from other similar-looking bamboo species, particularly other Phyllostachys varieties. Here are some key comparisons:

• Phyllostachys nigra (Black Bamboo): As the name suggests, P. nigra has distinctive black culms, making it easily distinguishable from the golden culms of P. aurea.
• Phyllostachys bissetii: This species is known for its green culms and vigorous growth. While it shares the running habit with P. aurea, the culm color is a clear differentiator.
• Phyllostachys bambusoides (Giant Timber Bamboo): This species is much larger than P. aurea, reaching heights of up to 70 feet (21 meters) or more.

A study by the American Bamboo Society highlights the importance of accurate identification for effective management. Misidentifying a running bamboo as a clumping variety can lead to unexpected and potentially problematic spread. (Source: American Bamboo Society, Bamboo Identification Guide)

Growing Fishpole Bamboo: Planting and Location

Successful Fishpole Bamboo cultivation begins with choosing the right location and planting it correctly.

Sunlight Requirements:

Fishpole Bamboo thrives in full sun to partial shade. At least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day will promote the most vibrant golden culm color and vigorous growth. While it can tolerate some shade, insufficient sunlight may result in greener culms and slower growth.

Soil Preferences:

• Well-drained soil is essential. Fishpole Bamboo does not tolerate waterlogged conditions, which can lead to root rot.
• A slightly acidic to neutral soil pH (6.0-7.0) is ideal.
• Amend heavy clay soils with organic matter, such as compost or aged manure, to improve drainage and aeration.

Watering Needs:

• Newly planted bamboo requires consistent watering to establish a strong root system. Water deeply and regularly, especially during dry periods.
• Established bamboo is relatively drought-tolerant but will benefit from occasional deep watering during prolonged dry spells.
• Avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root problems.

Planting Steps:

1. Choose the Right Time: The best time to plant Fishpole Bamboo is in the spring or early fall, when the weather is mild.
2. Prepare the Planting Hole: Dig a hole that is twice as wide and just as deep as the root ball of the bamboo plant.
3. Amend the Soil: If necessary, amend the soil with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage and fertility.
4. Position the Plant: Gently remove the bamboo from its container and place it in the center of the hole. The top of the root ball should be level with the surrounding soil.
5. Backfill the Hole: Fill the hole with the amended soil, gently firming it around the root ball.
6. Water Thoroughly: Water the newly planted bamboo deeply to settle the soil and hydrate the roots.
7. Mulch: Apply a layer of organic mulch, such as wood chips or shredded bark, around the base of the plant to conserve moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. Keep the mulch a few inches away from the culms.

Spacing:

• For a dense privacy screen, plant Fishpole Bamboo 3-5 feet (0.9-1.5 meters) apart.
• For a more open grove, plant them further apart, 5-10 feet (1.5-3 meters) or more.

Containment (Crucial for Running Bamboo):

Because Fishpole Bamboo is a running bamboo, containment is essential to prevent unwanted spread. Here are the most effective methods:

• Rhizome Barrier: Install a physical barrier made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or concrete at least 30 inches (76 cm) deep and extending 2-3 inches (5-7.6 cm) above the ground. This is the most reliable method for long-term containment.
• Root Pruning: Regularly (at least once a year) sever any rhizomes that are attempting to escape the desired planting area using a sharp spade or saw.
• Container Planting: Grow Fishpole Bamboo in large, sturdy containers. Ensure the containers have drainage holes. This method provides excellent containment but may require more frequent watering and repotting as the bamboo grows.

A study published in the Journal of the American Bamboo Society found that HDPE barriers with a minimum depth of 30 inches were effective in containing the spread of Phyllostachys bamboo species. (Source: Journal of the American Bamboo Society, “Effectiveness of Rhizome Barriers in Controlling Bamboo Spread”)

Fishpole Bamboo Care: Watering, Fertilizing, and Pruning

Once established, Fishpole Bamboo is relatively low-maintenance, but proper care will ensure its health and vigor.

Watering (Detailed):

• Year 1: Water deeply and regularly, especially during dry spells. Aim for about 1 inch (2.5 cm) of water per week, either from rainfall or irrigation.
• Year 2 and Beyond: Once established, Fishpole Bamboo is more drought-tolerant. Water deeply during prolonged dry periods, but avoid overwatering.
• Monitor Soil Moisture: Check the soil moisture regularly by inserting your finger a few inches into the soil. If the soil feels dry, it’s time to water.

Fertilizing:

• Fishpole Bamboo benefits from regular fertilization, especially during the growing season (spring and summer).
• Use a balanced fertilizer with a ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (N-P-K) like 10-10-10 or 20-20-20.
• Apply fertilizer according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can damage the roots.
• Alternatively, use a slow-release fertilizer for a more gradual and sustained nutrient supply.
• Organic options, such as compost tea or aged manure, can also be used to provide nutrients.

Pruning:

Pruning Fishpole Bamboo serves several purposes:

• Removing Dead or Damaged Culms: Cut dead or damaged culms back to the ground level.
• Thinning: Thin out overcrowded culms to improve air circulation and sunlight penetration. This helps prevent fungal diseases and promotes healthier growth.
• Controlling Height: If desired, you can top the bamboo to control its height. However, this will create a flat-topped appearance, which may not be aesthetically pleasing to some.
• Shaping: Prune to create a desired shape or form, such as a hedge or screen.

Pruning Techniques:

• Use sharp, clean pruning tools, such as loppers or a pruning saw.
• Make cuts just above a node.
• Prune in late winter or early spring, before new growth begins.

Troubleshooting Common Problems with Fishpole Bamboo

While generally hardy, Fishpole Bamboo can experience some issues.

Yellowing Leaves:

• Possible Causes: Overwatering, underwatering, nutrient deficiency, or poor soil drainage.
• Solutions: Adjust watering practices, improve soil drainage, or apply a balanced fertilizer.

Brown Leaf Tips:

• Possible Causes: Dry air, underwatering, or excessive fertilizer.
• Solutions: Increase humidity, water more deeply, or reduce fertilizer application.

Pests:

• Bamboo Mites: These tiny pests can cause yellowing and stippling of the leaves.
• Aphids: Aphids can suck sap from the leaves, causing distortion and weakening of the plant.
• Scales: Scale insects can attach themselves to the culms and leaves, sucking sap and weakening the plant.

Solutions:

• Insecticidal Soap: Apply insecticidal soap to control mites, aphids, and scales.
• Neem Oil: Neem oil can also be effective against these pests.
• Horticultural Oil: Horticultural oil can smother scale insects.
• Beneficial Insects: Introduce beneficial insects, such as ladybugs or lacewings, to help control pest populations.

Diseases:

• Root Rot: This fungal disease is caused by overwatering or poor soil drainage.
• Leaf Spot: Various fungal diseases can cause leaf spots.

Solutions:

• Root Rot: Improve soil drainage and avoid overwatering. In severe cases, you may need to remove and destroy affected plants.
• Leaf Spot: Improve air circulation, remove affected leaves, and apply a fungicide if necessary.

Controlling Spread (Beyond Initial Planting):

Even with a rhizome barrier, regular monitoring is crucial. Rhizomes can sometimes jump over barriers or find weaknesses. Inspect the perimeter of your bamboo planting area annually and prune any escaping rhizomes.

Uses and Benefits of Fishpole Bamboo

Fishpole Bamboo offers a wide range of practical and aesthetic uses.

Privacy Screens and Hedges:

Its rapid growth and dense foliage make it an excellent choice for creating privacy screens and hedges. It can quickly provide a visual barrier and reduce noise pollution.

Ornamental Plantings:

The golden culms and graceful form of Fishpole Bamboo add a touch of elegance and exotic beauty to any garden. It can be used as a specimen plant, in groupings, or as a backdrop for other plants.

Windbreaks:

The dense growth of Fishpole Bamboo can provide effective windbreaks, protecting other plants and creating a more sheltered garden environment.

Erosion Control:

The extensive root system of Fishpole Bamboo helps stabilize soil and prevent erosion, particularly on slopes.

Crafts and Construction:

The strong, straight culms of Fishpole Bamboo have been traditionally used for a variety of purposes, including:

• Fishing poles (hence the name)
• Garden stakes
• Fences
• Furniture
• Musical instruments

Wildlife Habitat:

Bamboo groves can provide shelter and nesting sites for various birds and other wildlife.

Buying Fishpole Bamboo: Where to Find and What to Look For

When buying Fishpole Bamboo, consider the following:

Reputable Nurseries:

• Choose a reputable nursery or garden center that specializes in bamboo or has a good selection of healthy plants. Gardencenterpoint.com can help you find local nurseries.
• Check to see the reviews of the garden center that you will be getting the bamboo from.
• Ask about the nursery’s sourcing practices to ensure the bamboo is healthy and disease-free.

Online Retailers:

• Several online retailers sell Fishpole Bamboo. Be sure to choose a reputable seller with good customer reviews.
• Check the seller’s shipping policies and guarantees.

What to Look For in a Healthy Plant:

• Vibrant Color: The culms should have a healthy golden-yellow color (if exposed to sufficient sunlight).
• Strong Culms: The culms should be firm and upright, not weak or drooping.
• Healthy Leaves: The leaves should be green and free from pests or diseases.
• Well-Developed Root System: Gently check the root system. It should be well-developed but not overly root-bound in the container.
• No Signs of Stress: Avoid plants that show signs of stress, such as yellowing leaves, brown leaf tips, or pest infestations.

Consider the Size:

• Fishpole Bamboo is available in various sizes, from small starter plants to larger, more established specimens.
• Choose a size that is appropriate for your needs and budget. Larger plants will provide a quicker screen but will be more expensive.

Propagation of Fishpole Bamboo

While purchasing established plants is the most common method, Fishpole Bamboo can also be propagated.

Division:

This is the most reliable method for propagating running bamboo.

1. Timing: The best time to divide Fishpole Bamboo is in the spring or early fall.
2. Digging: Carefully dig up a section of the bamboo clump, ensuring you get a good portion of rhizomes and culms.
3. Separating: Use a sharp saw or spade to divide the clump into smaller sections. Each section should have at least 3-5 culms and a healthy portion of rhizomes.
4. Planting: Plant the divisions immediately in prepared soil, following the planting steps outlined earlier.

Culm Cuttings:

This method is less reliable than division but can be attempted.

1. Select a Culm: Choose a healthy, mature culm (at least one year old).
2. Cut the Culm: Cut the culm into sections, each with at least two nodes.
3. Planting: Plant the cuttings horizontally in a well-draining potting mix, burying one node and leaving the other exposed.
4. Watering: Keep the potting mix consistently moist but not waterlogged.
5. Rooting: Rooting can take several weeks or months.

Seeds:

Fishpole Bamboo rarely flowers and produces seeds. Seed propagation is not a practical method for most gardeners.