Job’s Tears (Coix lacryma-jobi)

Job’s Tears Plant, also commonly known as adlay or coixseed, and botanically named Coix lacryma-jobi, is a fascinating and versatile grass species. This remarkable plant, with its tear-shaped grains, offers a wide range of uses, from culinary applications to traditional medicine and even ornamental crafts.

This article will provide a deep dive into everything you need to know about the Coix lacryma-jobi. We’ll explore its history, health benefits, cultivation techniques, and creative uses. Keep reading to unlock the secrets of this versatile grain and discover how to grow Job’s Tears in your own garden.

Understanding the Job’s Tears Plant: Origins and Botany

The Job’s Tears plant, a member of the Poaceae (grass) family, is native to Southeast Asia but has naturalized in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. It’s an annual grass that typically grows to a height of 3 to 6 feet (1-2 meters), though some varieties can reach even greater heights under optimal conditions. The plant is characterized by its broad, lance-shaped leaves and, most notably, its unique “tears” – hard, bead-like structures that encase the seeds. These “tears” range in color from white and pale yellow to brown, gray, and even black, depending on the variety.

Common name	Job’s Tears, Adlay, Coixseed
Botanical name	Coix lacryma-jobi
Family	Poaceae (Grass Family)
Genus	Coix
Species	lacryma-jobi
Origin	Southeast Asia
Native	(While originating in SE Asia, it has naturalized in many tropical/subtropical areas, including parts of the USA)
Life cycle	Annual (in most climates; can be a short-lived perennial in very warm areas)
Plant type	Grass
Hardiness zone	9-11 (Generally grown as an annual in cooler zones)
Sunlight	Full Sun (tolerates Partial Shade, but with reduced yield)
Maintenance	Low to Moderate
Water	Moderate (consistent moisture, but well-drained)
Drainage	Well-Drained
Spacing	12-18 inches (30-45 cm) between plants, 2-3 feet (60-90 cm) between rows
Flowering period	Summer to Fall (depending on planting time and climate)
Height	3-6 feet (1-2 meters) on average; can reach greater heights
Growth rate	Moderate to Fast
Flower color	Inconspicuous; the “tears” are the notable feature, not the flowers.
Tear Color	White, Pale Yellow, Brown, Gray, Black (depending on variety)
Stem color	Green
Flower benefit	(Not applicable; the plant is valued for its grains/beads, not showy flowers)
Garden style	Ornamental Grass Garden, Edible Garden, Craft Garden
Uses	Culinary (edible grains), Ornamental, Crafts (beads for jewelry, rosaries, etc.), Traditional Medicine
Soil pH	Slightly Acidic to Neutral (6.0-7.0)
Soil Type	Fertile, Well-drained; Loamy or Sandy Loam preferred
Pest Resistance	Generally good; can be susceptible to aphids, spider mites, grasshoppers
Disease Resistence	Generally good.

The botanical name, Coix lacryma-jobi, is quite descriptive. “Coix” is derived from a Greek word meaning “palm,” possibly referring to the plant’s resemblance to some palm species. “Lacryma-jobi” translates to “Job’s tears,” a reference to the biblical figure Job and the tear-shaped grains. The name likely arose due to the resemblance of the grains to tears and the perceived association with Job’s suffering.

Historically, Job’s Tears has been cultivated for thousands of years, primarily as a food source and for medicinal purposes. Archaeological evidence suggests its use in ancient China dating back over 4,000 years. It has also played a significant role in traditional medicine systems in India, Japan, Korea, and other parts of Asia. The plant’s hard, shell-like beads have also been used for centuries in the creation of jewelry, rosaries, and other decorative items.

A study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology in 2017 reviewed the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Coix lacryma-jobi. The study highlighted its use in traditional Chinese medicine for treating a variety of ailments, including inflammation, arthritis, and even cancer. (Lee, M. Y., et al. “Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Coix lacryma-jobi L.: A review.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 208, 2017, pp. 204-217.)

Different Varieties of Job’s Tears

While Coix lacryma-jobi is the primary species, there are several varieties and cultivars, each with slightly different characteristics. Some common varieties include:

• Coix lacryma-jobi var. lacryma-jobi: This is the most common variety, characterized by its hard, tear-shaped beads. It’s primarily used for ornamental purposes and crafts.
• Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen: This variety is cultivated for its edible grains. The outer shell is softer and easier to remove, making it suitable for culinary use.
• Coix lacryma-jobi var. stenocarpa and Coix lacryma-jobi var. monilifer: These are less common varieties, often distinguished by the shape and size of their beads.

The choice of variety depends on the intended use. For culinary purposes, Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen is the preferred choice. For ornamental use or crafting, the standard Coix lacryma-jobi var. lacryma-jobi is ideal.

(H2) The Nutritional and Health Benefits of Job’s Tears

Job’s Tears, particularly the ma-yuen variety, offers a range of nutritional benefits. It’s a good source of carbohydrates, protein, and dietary fiber. It also contains essential minerals like iron, potassium, and magnesium, as well as B-vitamins.

Here’s a table summarizing the nutritional content of Job’s Tears (per 100g of cooked grain):

Nutrient	Amount
Calories	~110-130
Carbohydrates	~25-30g
Protein	~4-6g
Fiber	~2-3g
Iron	~1-2mg
Potassium	~100-150mg
Magnesium	~40-50mg

(Source: USDA FoodData Central, various entries for “coix” and “adlay”) Note that the exact nutritional composition can vary depending on the variety, growing conditions, and processing methods.

Beyond its basic nutritional value, Job’s Tears has been associated with several potential health benefits, many of which are rooted in traditional medicine and supported by preliminary scientific research:

• Anti-inflammatory Properties: Studies have shown that Job’s Tears extracts may possess anti-inflammatory properties. This is attributed to the presence of various bioactive compounds, including coixenolide. A study published in the journal Food and Chemical Toxicology in 2010 found that coixenolide isolated from Job’s Tears inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators in cells. (Chang, H. C., et al. “Anti-inflammatory activity of coixenolide isolated from Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf seed.” Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol. 48, no. 6, 2010, pp. 1558-1563.)
• Antioxidant Activity: Job’s Tears contains antioxidants that can help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. This antioxidant activity is linked to compounds like flavonoids and phenolic acids.
• Potential Anti-cancer Effects: Some research suggests that Job’s Tears extracts may have anti-cancer properties. Several studies have investigated the effects of Job’s Tears extracts on cancer cell lines, with some showing promising results. However, it’s crucial to note that these are preliminary studies, and more research is needed to determine the efficacy and safety of Job’s Tears in cancer treatment. A review article in Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2012) summarized the existing research on the anti-cancer effects of Job’s Tears, highlighting the need for further clinical trials. (Wang, L. Q., et al. “Anticancer effect of Coix lacryma-jobi L. seed extract: a review.” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2012, 2012, Article ID 927687.)
• Blood Sugar Regulation: Job’s Tears may help regulate blood sugar levels, making it potentially beneficial for individuals with diabetes or pre-diabetes. The fiber content in Job’s Tears can slow down the absorption of glucose, preventing spikes in blood sugar.
• Cholesterol Management: Some studies suggest that Job’s Tears may help lower cholesterol levels. This effect is likely due to the fiber content and other bioactive compounds.
• Digestive Health: The fiber in Job’s Tears promotes healthy digestion and can help prevent constipation.

It is important to emphasize that while these potential health benefits are promising, more extensive human clinical trials are needed to confirm these effects and establish appropriate dosages and safety guidelines.

How to Grow Job’s Tears: A Step-by-Step Guide

Growing Job’s Tears in your garden can be a rewarding experience. Here’s a detailed guide to help you successfully cultivate this versatile plant:

Climate and Sunlight Requirements

Job’s Tears thrives in warm, humid climates, similar to its native Southeast Asia. It prefers full sun, requiring at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day. While it can tolerate partial shade, the plant’s growth and yield may be reduced. Ideal temperatures range from 70-85°F (21-29°C) during the growing season. Job’s Tears is not frost-tolerant and should be planted after the last frost date in your region.

Soil Preparation

Job’s Tears prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0-7.0). Before planting, amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure to improve its fertility and drainage. If your soil is heavy clay, consider adding perlite or sand to improve drainage. A soil test can help determine the nutrient levels and pH of your soil, allowing you to make necessary adjustments.

Seed Starting and Planting

• Seed Scarification: Job’s Tears seeds have a hard outer shell that can inhibit germination. To improve germination rates, scarify the seeds before planting. This can be done by gently rubbing the seeds with sandpaper or nicking them with a sharp knife. Be careful not to damage the embryo inside the seed.
• Soaking: After scarification, soak the seeds in warm water for 24-48 hours. This further softens the seed coat and promotes germination.
• Starting Indoors (Optional): In regions with short growing seasons, you can start Job’s Tears seeds indoors 4-6 weeks before the last expected frost. Use seed-starting trays or small pots filled with a well-draining seed-starting mix. Plant the seeds about 1 inch (2.5 cm) deep and keep the soil consistently moist.
• Direct Sowing: Once the danger of frost has passed and the soil has warmed up, you can sow the seeds directly into the garden. Plant the seeds 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cm) deep and space them 12-18 inches (30-45 cm) apart. Rows should be spaced 2-3 feet (60-90 cm) apart.

Watering and Fertilizing

• Watering: Job’s Tears requires consistent moisture, especially during the early stages of growth. Water deeply and regularly, keeping the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Avoid overhead watering, as this can increase the risk of fungal diseases.
• Fertilizing: Job’s Tears benefits from regular fertilization. Apply a balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) every 4-6 weeks during the growing season. Follow the package instructions for application rates. Alternatively, you can use organic fertilizers like compost tea or fish emulsion.

Pest and Disease Management

Job’s Tears is generally a hardy plant, but it can be susceptible to certain pests and diseases.

• Common Pests: Aphids, spider mites, and grasshoppers can sometimes infest Job’s Tears plants. Inspect your plants regularly for signs of pests.
• Pest Control: For minor infestations, you can often control pests by handpicking them or spraying the plants with a strong stream of water. For more severe infestations, consider using insecticidal soap or neem oil.
• Common Diseases: Fungal diseases like leaf spot and rust can occasionally affect Job’s Tears, especially in humid conditions.
• Disease Control: Ensure good air circulation around the plants to reduce humidity. Avoid overhead watering. If fungal diseases appear, remove affected leaves and apply a fungicide if necessary.

Harvesting Job’s Tears

The “tears” of the Job’s Tears plant are ready for harvest when they turn hard and change color (from green to their mature color – white, brown, gray, or black). This typically occurs 4-6 months after planting, depending on the variety and growing conditions.

• Harvesting Technique: Cut the stalks near the base of the plant.
• Drying: Hang the stalks upside down in a well-ventilated area to dry for several weeks. The “tears” will become even harder as they dry.
• Threshing: Once the stalks are completely dry, you can remove the “tears” by hand or by rubbing the stalks together.
• Cleaning: Clean the “tears” by removing any remaining debris or chaff.
• Storage Store dried tears in an airtight container for future planting.

Culinary Uses of Job’s Tears

The edible variety of Job’s Tears (Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen) can be used in a variety of culinary applications. It has a slightly nutty flavor and a chewy texture, similar to barley.

• Cooking Methods: Job’s Tears can be cooked similarly to rice or barley. Rinse the grains thoroughly before cooking. Use a ratio of 2-3 cups of water to 1 cup of Job’s Tears. Bring the water to a boil, then add the grains, reduce heat, and simmer for 45-60 minutes, or until tender.
• Uses:
  • Soups and Stews: Add cooked Job’s Tears to soups and stews for added texture and nutrition.
  • Salads: Use cooked and cooled Job’s Tears as a base for salads.
  • Porridge: Cook Job’s Tears with milk or water to create a hearty porridge.
  • Flour: Grind dried Job’s Tears into flour, which can be used in baking.
  • Beverages: In some cultures, Job’s Tears is used to make a refreshing beverage.

Crafting with Job’s Tears

The hard, shell-like beads of Job’s Tears are ideal for crafting. They have been used for centuries to create jewelry, rosaries, and other decorative items.

• Jewelry Making: Job’s Tears beads can be strung together to make necklaces, bracelets, and earrings. They can be used alone or combined with other beads and materials.
• Rosaries: The traditional use of Job’s Tears beads in rosaries stems from their resemblance to tears and their association with the biblical figure Job.
• Other Crafts: Job’s Tears beads can be used in a variety of other crafts, such as mosaics, embellishments for clothing, and decorative accents for home décor.

Where to Buy Job’s Tears Seeds and Products

Finding Job’s Tears seeds or products may require some searching, as they are not as widely available as other grains. Here are some potential sources:

• Online Retailers: Websites specializing in heirloom seeds, Asian groceries, or herbal products are good places to look. (Gardencenterpoint.com can help you find retailers.)
• Specialty Food Stores: Asian markets or health food stores may carry Job’s Tears grains or flour.
• Local Nurseries and Garden Centers: Some nurseries may carry Job’s Tears plants or seeds, especially those specializing in heirloom or unusual varieties. (Check Gardencenterpoint.com’s network for garden centers near you.)
• Etsy and Similar Platforms: Job’s tears crafts are often available.

When purchasing Job’s Tears seeds, ensure you are getting the correct variety for your intended use (culinary or ornamental).

Frequently Asked Questions About Job’s Tears Plant

• Is Job’s Tears gluten-free? Yes, Job’s Tears is naturally gluten-free, making it a suitable option for individuals with gluten intolerance or celiac disease.
• Can Job’s Tears be grown in containers? Yes, Job’s Tears can be grown in large containers, provided they are deep enough to accommodate the plant’s root system. Choose a container at least 12 inches (30 cm) in diameter and depth.
• How long do Job’s Tears seeds last? Job’s Tears seeds can remain viable for several years if stored properly in a cool, dry, dark place.
• Is Job’s Tears invasive? While Job’s Tears can self-seed, it is not generally considered invasive in most regions. However, it’s always a good idea to monitor its growth and prevent it from spreading beyond your intended area.
• What are the side effects of Job’s Tears? As with all supplements, large quanities can cause side effects.
• How can Job’s tears be used as a substitute? Job’s tears can be used as a subsitute for other grains.