Tree Philodendron (Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum)

Tree Philodendron, also commonly known as Split-Leaf Philodendron, Hope Selloum, Philodendron bipinnatifidum, and sometimes mistakenly as Monstera deliciosa, is a magnificent tropical plant revered for its large, glossy, and deeply lobed leaves. These adaptable plants can make a striking statement in any indoor or outdoor space, bringing a touch of the rainforest to your home.

At Gardencenterpoint.com, we believe that understanding the needs of your Philodendron bipinnatifidum, the propagation, and where to buy are key to successfully cultivating this impressive plant. We are happy to provide the solution to your Tree Philodendron growing questions.

1. What is a Tree Philodendron?

The Tree Philodendron, scientifically known as Philodendron bipinnatifidum, is a member of the Araceae family, native to the tropical rainforests of South America, specifically Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, and Paraguay. It’s often called a “tree” philodendron because of its growth habit. Unlike vining philodendrons, this species develops a thick, sturdy trunk-like stem over time, supporting its massive leaves. These leaves are the plant’s defining feature: large, deeply lobed, and a vibrant, glossy green.

Common names	Tree Philodendron, Split-Leaf Philodendron, Hope Selloum, Horsehead Philodendron, Cut-Leaf Philodendron
Botanical name	Philodendron bipinnatifidum (formerly often misidentified as Philodendron selloum)
Family	Araceae
Genus	Philodendron
Species	bipinnatifidum
Origin	South America (primarily Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay)
Life cycle	Perennial
Plant type	Broadleaf Evergreen (in its native tropical environment); often grown as a houseplant
Hardiness zone	9-11 (can be grown outdoors year-round in these zones; in other zones, it’s typically a houseplant or a seasonal outdoor plant)
Sunlight	Bright, Indirect Light (tolerates lower light, but growth will be slower)
Maintenance	Low to Moderate
Water	Moderate (allow topsoil to dry between waterings)
Drainage	Well-Drained (essential to prevent root rot)
Spacing	3-6 feet (indoors, depending on pot size and desired spread; outdoors, can spread wider)
Flowering period	Mature plants may produce flowers (spadix and spathe) in optimal conditions, but this is rare indoors.
Height	Up to 15 feet in its natural habitat; typically 3-8 feet indoors, depending on pot size and conditions.
Growth rate	Slow to Moderate
Flower color	Spathe is typically creamy white or greenish-white; spadix is white.
Stem color	Green, developing a thick, brown, trunk-like stem with age.
Leaf color	Deep, glossy green.
Leaf Size	Up to 3 feet long and 2 feet wide in mature plants.
Flower benefit	Primarily grown for its foliage; flowers are not a primary ornamental feature, especially indoors.
Garden style	Tropical, Contemporary, Indoor
Uses	Container Plant, Houseplant, Specimen Plant (in suitable climates), Accent Plant
Propagation	Stem Cuttings, Air Layering, Seed (less common)
Soil pH	Slightly Acidic to Neutral (6.0-7.0)
Toxicity	Toxic to humans and pets if ingested (contains calcium oxalate crystals)

It’s important to distinguish Philodendron bipinnatifidum from Monstera deliciosa, often called “Split-Leaf Philodendron.” While they share a similar appearance, especially when young, they are distinct species. Monstera deliciosa has holes (fenestrations) in its leaves, in addition to the lobes, while Philodendron bipinnatifidum typically only has lobes. Also, Monstera deliciosa is a vining plant, while Philodendron bipinnatifidum develops a more upright, tree-like structure.

A study published in the journal “Aroideana” by the International Aroid Society highlights the morphological differences between Philodendron and Monstera species, emphasizing the unique characteristics of Philodendron bipinnatifidum‘s leaf structure and growth habit. This research confirms that the distinction is not just a matter of common names but is rooted in botanical classification.

Tree Philodendrons can grow to impressive sizes, reaching heights of up to 15 feet and widths of 10 feet in their natural habitat. Indoors, they typically remain smaller, but their size will still depend on the pot size and growing conditions. They are relatively slow-growing, especially when young, but with proper care, they can steadily increase in size and grandeur.

The plant’s robust nature and relatively low maintenance requirements make it a popular choice for both beginner and experienced plant enthusiasts. It adapts well to a range of indoor conditions and can tolerate some neglect, making it a forgiving option for those new to plant care.

2. Popular Tree Philodendron Varieties

While Philodendron bipinnatifidum is the primary species referred to as Tree Philodendron, there are some cultivars and related species that share similar characteristics and are often grouped together:

• Philodendron bipinnatifidum ‘Hope’ (or ‘Hope Selloum’): This is the most common variety, known for its classic, deeply lobed leaves. It’s the quintessential Tree Philodendron.
• Philodendron bipinnatifidum ‘Shangri-La’: A more compact cultivar, ‘Shangri-La’ offers a bushier growth habit, making it suitable for smaller spaces. Its leaves are slightly smaller and more densely packed.
• Philodendron ‘Little Hope’: A dwarf variety, even smaller than ‘Shangri-La,’ ideal for tabletops or areas with limited space.
• Philodendron ‘Super Atom’: Another compact variety with deeply ruffled, almost frilly leaves.
• Philodendron xanadu: Although sometimes considered a separate species, Philodendron xanadu shares many similarities with Tree Philodendrons. It has smaller, more finely dissected leaves and a more compact growth habit.

It’s worth noting that the availability of specific cultivars may vary depending on your location and the nurseries in your area. When choosing a Tree Philodendron, consider the available space you have and the desired aesthetic. The classic ‘Hope’ is a great choice for a statement plant, while the smaller cultivars are perfect for adding a touch of tropical greenery to more confined areas.

3. Essential Tree Philodendron Care Guide

Providing the right care for your Tree Philodendron is crucial for its health, growth, and overall appearance. Here’s a comprehensive guide to ensure your plant thrives:

• Light Requirements

Tree Philodendrons thrive in bright, indirect light. This means placing them near a window where they receive plenty of light, but not direct sunlight, which can scorch their leaves. An east-facing window is often ideal, providing gentle morning light. South- or west-facing windows can also work, but you may need to filter the light with a sheer curtain or blinds.

If you notice your Tree Philodendron’s leaves are becoming pale or yellow, it may be receiving too much light. Conversely, if the stems are becoming long and leggy with large gaps between the leaves, it may not be receiving enough light.

According to the University of Florida IFAS Extension, Philodendron bipinnatifidum can tolerate lower light conditions, but its growth will be slower, and the leaves may be smaller. They recommend providing at least 4-6 hours of bright, indirect light per day for optimal growth.

• Watering Best Practices

Watering correctly is essential for Tree Philodendron health. The key is to allow the top inch or two of soil to dry out between waterings. Overwatering is a common problem that can lead to root rot, a serious condition that can kill the plant.

To check the soil moisture, insert your finger about two inches into the soil. If it feels dry, it’s time to water. Water thoroughly, allowing the water to drain out of the pot’s drainage holes. Discard any excess water that collects in the saucer.

The frequency of watering will depend on several factors, including the temperature, humidity, pot size, and the type of soil. In general, you’ll likely need to water more frequently during the warmer months (spring and summer) and less frequently during the cooler months (fall and winter).

• Soil and Potting Mix

Tree Philodendrons prefer a well-draining potting mix that retains some moisture but doesn’t become waterlogged. A good mix typically includes ingredients like peat moss, perlite, and orchid bark.

Here’s a recommended potting mix recipe:

• 1 part peat moss (or coco coir)
• 1 part perlite
• 1 part orchid bark
• 1/2 part compost.

This mix provides good drainage, aeration, and moisture retention, creating an ideal environment for the roots. Avoid using heavy garden soil, which can compact and restrict drainage.

• Temperature and Humidity

Tree Philodendrons are tropical plants and thrive in warm, humid environments. They prefer temperatures between 65°F and 80°F (18°C-27°C). Avoid placing them near cold drafts or air conditioning vents, which can stress the plant.

Humidity is also important. While they can tolerate average household humidity levels, they will benefit from increased humidity. You can increase humidity by:

*   Grouping plants together

*   Using a pebble tray filled with water

*   Using a humidifier

• Fertilizing Your Tree Philodendron

Regular fertilizing during the growing season (spring and summer) promotes healthy growth and lush foliage. Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength. Apply the fertilizer every 2-4 weeks during the growing season.

Avoid fertilizing during the fall and winter when the plant’s growth slows down. Over-fertilizing can lead to salt buildup in the soil, which can damage the roots.

• Pruning and Maintenance

Pruning is generally minimal for Tree Philodendrons. You may need to remove any yellow or damaged leaves to maintain the plant’s appearance. You can also prune to control the plant’s size or shape.

Use clean, sharp pruning shears or scissors to make clean cuts. Avoid tearing or crushing the stems.

• Repotting Your Tree Philodendron

Tree Philodendrons are relatively slow-growing and don’t need to be repotted frequently. Repotting is typically necessary when the plant becomes root-bound, meaning the roots are circling the bottom of the pot and filling the available space.

Signs that your Tree Philodendron needs repotting include:

• Roots growing out of the drainage holes
• Water draining very quickly through the pot
• The plant becoming top-heavy and unstable

To repot, choose a pot that is 1-2 inches larger in diameter than the current pot. Use a fresh potting mix and gently loosen the roots before placing the plant in the new pot. Water thoroughly after repotting.

4. Propagating Your Tree Philodendron

Propagating your Tree Philodendron is a rewarding way to create new plants and expand your collection. There are several methods you can use:

• Stem Cuttings

This is the most common and easiest method.

1. Select a healthy stem: Choose a stem that is at least 6 inches long and has several leaves.
2. Make a cut: Use clean, sharp pruning shears or a knife to make a cut just below a node (the point where a leaf attaches to the stem).
3. Remove lower leaves: Remove the leaves from the bottom few inches of the cutting.
4. Rooting hormone (optional): Dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone to encourage root development.
5. Plant the cutting: Place the cutting in a pot filled with a well-draining potting mix (see recipe above).
6. Water and provide humidity: Water the cutting thoroughly and keep the soil consistently moist. You can cover the pot with a plastic bag to create a humid environment.
7. Provide bright, indirect light: Place the pot in a location with bright, indirect light.
8. Wait for roots to develop: Roots typically develop within a few weeks. You can gently tug on the cutting to check for resistance, which indicates root growth.
9. Air Layering

This method is more involved but can be used for larger stems.

1. Select a stem: Choose a healthy stem that is at least 1/2 inch in diameter.
2. Make a wound: Use a clean, sharp knife to make a small upward-slanting cut about halfway through the stem, just below a node.
3. Apply rooting hormone: Apply rooting hormone to the wound.
4. Wrap with sphagnum moss: Wrap the wound with moist sphagnum moss.
5. Secure with plastic wrap: Wrap the moss with plastic wrap to keep it moist and secure.
6. Wait for roots to develop: Roots typically develop within a few months. You can check for root growth by gently unwrapping the moss.
7. Separate the new plant: Once roots have developed, cut the stem below the moss and pot the new plant in a well-draining potting mix.
8. Seed Propagation

Growing from seed is possible but the longest method. If your plant produced seeds, and you wish to attempt this, follow these steps:

1. Obtain seeds.
2. Use a seed starting mix.
3. Sow the seeds according to package directions.
4. Keep soil moist and warm.
5. Place in bright, indirect sunlight.

5. Common Problems and Solutions

Like all plants, Tree Philodendrons can experience some problems. Here are some common issues and how to address them:

Yellowing Leaves

Yellowing leaves can be caused by several factors:

• Overwatering: This is the most common cause. Allow the soil to dry out more between waterings.
• Underwatering: If the soil is consistently dry, the plant may not be receiving enough water.
• Nutrient deficiency: Yellowing leaves can indicate a lack of nutrients. Fertilize regularly during the growing season.
• Too much light: If the leaves are pale yellow, the plant may be receiving too much direct sunlight.
• Old age: Older leaves naturally turn yellow and eventually fall off.

Brown Leaf Tips

Brown leaf tips are usually caused by:

• Low humidity: Increase humidity by grouping plants together, using a pebble tray, or using a humidifier.
• Dry air: Avoid placing the plant near heating vents or air conditioners.
• Salt buildup: Over-fertilizing can lead to salt buildup in the soil. Flush the soil with water to remove excess salts.
• Underwatering: If the soil is consistently dry, the plant may not be receiving enough water.

Pests

Tree Philodendrons are relatively pest-resistant, but they can occasionally be affected by:

• Mealybugs: These small, white, cottony insects suck sap from the plant.
• Spider mites: These tiny pests create webs on the leaves and can cause yellowing and stippling.
• Scale: These small, brown insects attach themselves to the stems and leaves.
• To treat pests, you can:
• Wipe the leaves with a damp cloth: This can remove small infestations.
• Use insecticidal soap: This is a safe and effective treatment for many pests.
• Use neem oil: This natural oil can also control pests.

Diseases

Tree Philodendrons are generally resistant to diseases, but they can be susceptible to:

• Root rot: This is caused by overwatering and poor drainage. Ensure the soil is well-draining and allow it to dry out between waterings.
• Leaf spot: This fungal disease causes brown or black spots on the leaves. Remove affected leaves and improve air circulation.

6. Is Tree Philodendron Toxic?

Yes, Tree Philodendrons are considered toxic to humans and pets. According to the ASPCA (American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals), Philodendron bipinnatifidum contains calcium oxalate crystals, which are insoluble and can cause irritation and discomfort if ingested.

Symptoms of ingestion in pets may include:

• Oral irritation
• Drooling
• Vomiting
• Difficulty swallowing
• Loss of appetite

Symptoms of ingestion in humans may include:

• Burning sensation in the mouth and throat
• Swelling of the lips, tongue, and throat
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea

If you suspect your pet or a child has ingested any part of a Tree Philodendron, contact your veterinarian or poison control center immediately. While the toxicity is generally mild to moderate, it’s best to seek professional medical advice.