Angel’s Trumpet (Brugmansia)

Angel’s Trumpet, also commonly known as trompeta de ángel, Devil’s Trumpet, or by its botanical name Brugmansia, is a strikingly beautiful flowering plant, beloved for its large, pendulous, trumpet-shaped blooms and intoxicating fragrance, especially in the evening. These plants, while visually captivating, require careful consideration due to their potent toxicity.

At Gardencenterpoint.com, Gardencenterpoint provides comprehensive guides and resources to help gardeners navigate the complexities of growing potentially hazardous plants like Brugmansia (Angel’s Trumpet), and to supply plants, find the best local retailer options for Angel’s trumpet plant care. And also offer to propagate Angel’s Trumpet.

Angel’s Trumpet: A Comprehensive Overview

Angel’s Trumpets, members of the Brugmansia genus, are native to the Andes region of South America. They are woody shrubs or small trees, often reaching heights of 10-36 feet in their native habitat. In cultivation, they are more commonly kept to a manageable 6-10 feet. The defining feature is, of course, the flowers. These can be up to 12 inches long, hanging downwards like elegant bells, and come in a range of colors including white, yellow, pink, orange, and even red. The fragrance is most potent at night, designed to attract pollinating moths.

Common Names	Angel’s Trumpet, Trumpet Flower, Angel Star, Trompeta de Ángel, Devil’s Trumpet (though this commonly refers to Datura), Tree Datura
Botanical Name	Brugmansia (Various species, including B. arborea, B. aurea, B. sanguinea, B. suaveolens, B. versicolor, and various hybrids)
Family	Solanaceae (Nightshade family)
Genus	Brugmansia
Species	arborea, aurea, sanguinea, suaveolens, versicolor, and others (see above)
Origin	Andes Mountains region of South America (specifically countries like Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Chile)
Native	South America
Life Cycle	Perennial (in frost-free climates); often grown as an annual or overwintered indoors in colder regions)
Plant Type	Woody shrub or small tree
Hardiness Zones	USDA Zones 9-11 (typically; some varieties may tolerate slightly cooler temperatures with protection)
Sunlight	Full sun to partial shade (afternoon shade preferred in very hot climates)
Maintenance	Moderate (requires regular watering, fertilizing, and pruning; overwintering needed in colder climates)
Water	Moderate to High (water deeply and regularly, allowing the soil to dry slightly between waterings; avoid overwatering)
Drainage	Well-Drained (essential to prevent root rot)
Soil pH	Slightly acidic to neutral (6.0-7.0)
Spacing	6-10 feet apart (depending on the mature size of the variety)
Flowering Period	Summer to fall (can bloom year-round in ideal conditions)
Height	6-10 feet in cultivation (can reach up to 36 feet in native habitat)
Growth Rate	Moderate to Fast (depending on conditions and variety)
Flower Colors	White, yellow, pink, orange, red, and various shades in between
Stem Color	Green to brownish-green, becoming woody with age
Flower Benefit	Large, showy, trumpet-shaped flowers; intense fragrance (especially at night)
Garden Style	Tropical, Container, Specimen Plant, Courtyard, Patio
Uses	Ornamental (primary use); historically used in traditional medicine and rituals (but extremely dangerous and strongly discouraged)
Toxicity	Highly toxic to humans and animals (all parts of the plant contain tropane alkaloids)
Drought Tolerance	Low to Moderate (once established, they can tolerate some drought, but perform best with regular watering)
Deer Resistance	Yes
Propagation	Stem cuttings
Pest Problems	Aphids, Spider mites, Whiteflies.

It’s crucial to understand the distinction between Brugmansia (Angel’s Trumpet) and Datura (often called Devil’s Trumpet or Jimsonweed). While they are related (both belonging to the nightshade family, Solanaceae), Brugmansia are woody and have pendulous flowers, while Datura are herbaceous and have upright flowers. The key takeaway is that all parts of both plants are highly toxic.

The visual appeal is undeniable. The sheer size and dramatic shape of the flowers make Angel’s Trumpet a focal point in any garden. They are particularly well-suited to container gardening, allowing for easy movement to protect them from frost in colder climates. The evening fragrance adds another layer of sensory delight, making them a popular choice for patios and areas where people gather in the evening.

Understanding the Toxicity of Angel’s Trumpet

This is arguably the most critical section of this guide. Every part of the Angel’s Trumpet plant – leaves, stems, flowers, roots, and seeds – contains potent tropane alkaloids, primarily scopolamine, hyoscyamine, and atropine. These chemicals are anticholinergic, meaning they block the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter crucial for nerve and muscle function.

• Effects of Ingestion: Symptoms can range from mild to life-threatening, depending on the amount ingested and individual sensitivity. These can include:
  • Dry mouth and intense thirst
  • Blurred vision and dilated pupils
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Rapid heartbeat and palpitations
  • Flushed skin
  • Confusion and disorientation
  • Hallucinations (often described as terrifying)
  • Seizures
  • Respiratory failure
  • Coma
  • Death
• Dermal Exposure: Even handling the plant can cause skin irritation in some individuals. Sap entering the eyes can cause temporary vision problems, including dilated pupils and difficulty focusing.
• Children and Pets: Children and pets are particularly vulnerable due to their smaller size and tendency to explore their environment by putting things in their mouths. A study published in the journal Pediatrics documented cases of severe poisoning in children who had ingested even small amounts of Brugmansia. ([Citation: Olson KR, California Poison Control System. Poisoning & Drug Overdose. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2004.])
• Accidental Exposure: Cases of accidental poisoning have been reported from people using Brugmansia leaves in herbal teas or mistaking them for edible plants. There have also been reports of individuals intentionally ingesting the plant for its hallucinogenic effects, with often disastrous consequences.
• Safety Precautions:
  • Wear Gloves and Eye Protection: Always wear gloves and eye protection when handling Angel’s Trumpet, pruning, or propagating it.
  • Wash Hands Thoroughly: Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after any contact with the plant.
  • Keep Out of Reach: Keep the plant out of reach of children and pets. Consider fencing off the area or using containers that are difficult to access.
  • Educate Others: Educate family members, visitors, and anyone who may come into contact with the plant about its toxicity.
  • Dispose of Plant Material Properly: Dispose of pruned branches and leaves carefully. Do not compost them, as the toxins can persist.
  • Seek Immediate Medical Attention: If you suspect ingestion or significant exposure, seek immediate medical attention. Contact your local poison control center or go to the nearest emergency room.

Angel’s Trumpet Plant Care

Despite its toxicity, Angel’s Trumpet is a rewarding plant to grow, provided you take the necessary precautions. Here’s a comprehensive guide to its care:

• Sunlight: Angel’s Trumpets thrive in full sun to partial shade. In hotter climates, they appreciate some afternoon shade to prevent leaf scorch. Aim for at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day.
• Soil: They prefer well-draining, fertile soil rich in organic matter. A slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0-7.0) is ideal. Amend heavy clay soils with compost, peat moss, or other organic materials to improve drainage.
• Watering: Angel’s Trumpets are thirsty plants, especially during hot weather and when in bloom. Water deeply and regularly, allowing the soil to dry slightly between waterings. Avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. A good rule of thumb is to water when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch.
• Fertilizing: They are heavy feeders and benefit from regular fertilization during the growing season (spring to fall). Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer with an NPK ratio like 10-10-10 or 20-20-20, diluted to half strength. Apply every 2-4 weeks. Alternatively, you can use a slow-release granular fertilizer applied in spring.
• Pruning: Pruning is essential for maintaining the shape and size of your Angel’s Trumpet and encouraging abundant blooms. The best time to prune is in late winter or early spring, after the last frost.
  • Remove any dead, damaged, or crossing branches.
  • Cut back the previous year’s growth by about one-third to one-half.
  • You can also prune lightly throughout the growing season to remove spent flowers and encourage new growth.
• Overwintering: Angel’s Trumpets are not frost-hardy and will be damaged or killed by freezing temperatures. In USDA hardiness zones 9-11, they can be grown outdoors year-round. In colder climates, they need to be overwintered indoors.
  • Option 1: Bring the Entire Plant Indoors: Before the first frost, dig up the plant (if grown in the ground) or move the container indoors. Place it in a bright, cool location (ideally 50-60°F) with reduced watering.
  • Option 2: Take Cuttings: Take cuttings in late summer or early fall and root them indoors. This is a good way to propagate new plants and ensure you have replacements in case the parent plant doesn’t survive the winter.
  • Option 3: Dormancy: Allow the plant to go dormant by gradually reducing watering and withholding fertilizer in the fall. The leaves will drop, and the plant will enter a resting phase. Store the dormant plant in a cool, dark location (like a basement or garage) and water sparingly, just enough to prevent the soil from completely drying out.
• Pests and Diseases: Angel’s Trumpets are relatively pest-resistant, but they can be susceptible to certain problems, especially when stressed.
  • Aphids: These small, sap-sucking insects can be controlled with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
  • Spider Mites: These tiny mites thrive in hot, dry conditions. Increase humidity and use a miticide if necessary.
  • Whiteflies: These flying insects can be controlled with yellow sticky traps and insecticidal soap.
  • Root Rot: This fungal disease is caused by overwatering and poor drainage. Ensure good drainage and avoid overwatering.

How to Propagate Angel’s Trumpet

Propagation is a great way to create new Angel’s Trumpet plants and share them with friends and family (with appropriate warnings about toxicity, of course). The easiest method is through stem cuttings:

1. Timing: Take cuttings in late spring or summer, when the plant is actively growing.
2. Select Cuttings: Choose healthy, non-flowering stems that are about 6-8 inches long.
3. Prepare Cuttings: Remove the lower leaves, leaving only a few at the top.
4. Rooting Hormone (Optional): Dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone powder to encourage root development.
5. Planting Medium: Use a well-draining potting mix, such as a mixture of peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite.
6. Planting: Insert the cuttings into the potting mix, burying the bottom nodes (where the leaves were removed).
7. Watering: Water the cuttings gently and keep the soil consistently moist, but not soggy.
8. Humidity: Cover the cuttings with a plastic bag or humidity dome to create a humid environment.
9. Light: Place the cuttings in a bright, indirect light location.
10. Rooting Time: Roots typically develop within 4-6 weeks. You can gently tug on the cuttings to check for resistance, which indicates root growth.
11. Transplanting: Once the cuttings have rooted, transplant them into individual pots with regular potting mix.

Where to Buy Angel’s Trumpet Plants

Gardencenterpoint.com does not sell plants directly. Instead, Gardencenterpoint acts as a hub, connecting gardeners with reputable local nurseries and online retailers. This ensures that you receive high-quality plants and expert advice tailored to your specific region and growing conditions.

When searching for Angel’s Trumpet plants, consider the following:

• Local Nurseries: Visiting a local nursery allows you to inspect the plants in person and ask questions of knowledgeable staff. They can also advise you on the best varieties for your climate. Search on Gardencenterpoint for retailers in your area.
• Plant Size and Health: Look for plants that are well-established, with healthy foliage and no signs of pests or diseases.
• Variety: Choose a variety that suits your preferences in terms of flower color, size, and fragrance.
• Reputable Retailers: Only purchase Angel’s Trumpets for reputable source, like those linked to on Gardencenterpoint.

Angel’s Trumpet Uses and Benefits

While the primary use of Angel’s Trumpet (Brugmansia) is undeniably ornamental, and extreme caution is paramount due to its toxicity, exploring its historical and potential (though strongly discouraged for practical application by home gardeners) uses provides a more complete understanding of the plant. Gardencenterpoint.com emphasizes that the information below is for educational purposes only and does not endorse or recommend any use of Angel’s Trumpet beyond its ornamental value, and only then with strict safety precautions.

The captivating beauty of Angel’s Trumpet is its main benefit for the home gardener. The large, pendulous, trumpet-shaped flowers, often reaching up to 12 inches in length, create a dramatic visual impact. They are available in a variety of colors, including white, yellow, pink, orange, and red, allowing for customization to match any garden aesthetic. The intense, sweet fragrance, particularly noticeable in the evening, adds another sensory dimension, making it a popular choice for patios, walkways, and areas where people gather after sunset. This fragrance is specifically designed by nature to attract nocturnal pollinators, primarily moths.

Beyond visual and olfactory appeal, Brugmansia has a complex history of use in traditional medicine and ritualistic practices, primarily in its native South America. It is crucial to reiterate that these uses are extremely dangerous and should never be attempted by anyone without extensive, specialized knowledge and under strict, controlled conditions. The following information is presented for historical and ethnobotanical context only:

• Traditional Medicine (Highly Discouraged): In certain indigenous cultures of the Andes region, Brugmansia species have been used, with extreme caution and precise (yet often unreliable) dosages, to treat a variety of ailments. Reported uses include:
  • Pain Relief: As a topical application or, very rarely and dangerously, in highly diluted preparations for internal use, it has been used to alleviate pain from conditions like arthritis, rheumatism, and headaches. The tropane alkaloids present (scopolamine, hyoscyamine, atropine) have known analgesic properties, but the risk of severe poisoning far outweighs any potential benefit.
  • Anti-inflammatory: Some traditional uses involve applying preparations of the plant to areas of inflammation, again with a high risk of toxic absorption.
  • Respiratory Issues: In some traditions, smoke from burning Brugmansia leaves has been inhaled to treat asthma and other respiratory problems. This is extremely dangerous and can cause severe respiratory distress and poisoning.
  • Wound Healing: There are reports of poultices made from Brugmansia leaves being applied to wounds to promote healing, but this carries a significant risk of infection and toxic absorption.
• A study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology documented the traditional uses of Brugmansia species among certain indigenous groups in South America, highlighting the complex relationship between the plant’s medicinal properties and its inherent toxicity. (Citation: [Example: Bristol, M. L. (1969). Tree Datura drugs of the Colombian Sibundoy. Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard University, 22(5), 165-227.]) This, and numerous other studies, consistently emphasize the extreme dangers associated with even traditional uses.
• Ritualistic Use (Highly Discouraged): In some shamanic traditions, Brugmansia has been used as an entheogen, a substance that induces altered states of consciousness for spiritual or religious purposes. These rituals are always conducted under the strict supervision of experienced shamans who possess a deep, albeit often culturally specific, understanding of the plant’s potent effects and the methods (however imprecise) to mitigate some of its dangers. The experiences induced by Brugmansia are often described as terrifying and unpredictable, involving intense hallucinations, delirium, and a complete loss of contact with reality. Recreational use of Brugmansia is incredibly dangerous and has resulted in numerous fatalities.
• Modern Research (Caution Advised): While not a use in the traditional sense, modern scientific research continues to investigate the chemical compounds found in Brugmansia, primarily the tropane alkaloids. This research is focused on:
  • Pharmaceutical Potential: Exploring the potential of isolated alkaloids for medicinal purposes, under strict laboratory conditions and with rigorous safety protocols. For example, scopolamine, in highly controlled and purified forms, is used in modern medicine as a transdermal patch to prevent motion sickness and as a pre-operative medication to reduce saliva production. However, these pharmaceutical applications use highly purified and precisely dosed forms of the alkaloid, vastly different from the crude plant material.
  • Understanding Toxicity: Further research aims to better understand the mechanisms of Brugmansia poisoning and to develop more effective treatments for accidental or intentional ingestion.

In summary, while Angel’s Trumpet possesses a captivating beauty and a history of traditional use, its extreme toxicity makes any application beyond careful, ornamental cultivation highly dangerous and strongly discouraged. Gardencenterpoint.com advocates for responsible gardening practices and emphasizes the importance of prioritizing safety when growing potentially hazardous plants. The primary benefit of Angel’s Trumpet remains its stunning visual and olfactory appeal, enjoyed from a safe distance and with full awareness of its inherent risks. The risks involved in any other use are simply too great.

Is Angel’s Trumpet Poisonous?

Yes, Angel’s Trumpet (Brugmansia) is highly poisonous. All parts of the plant, including the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and seeds, contain potent tropane alkaloids, primarily scopolamine, hyoscyamine, and atropine. These chemicals are anticholinergic, meaning they interfere with the nervous system by blocking the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This interference can lead to a wide range of severe and potentially life-threatening symptoms.

To reiterate the paramount importance of safety: Brugmansia should be handled with extreme caution, and ingestion is never safe. This section will detail the specific toxic compounds, the mechanisms of poisoning, the symptoms to watch for, and the necessary precautions to take. Gardencenterpoint.com stresses that this information is provided for safety and educational purposes, not to encourage any experimentation with this dangerous plant.

The Toxic Compounds: Tropane Alkaloids

The primary culprits behind Angel’s Trumpet’s toxicity are the tropane alkaloids. These are naturally occurring compounds found in various plants of the Solanaceae (nightshade) family, including Brugmansia, Datura, belladonna (deadly nightshade), and henbane. The specific alkaloids present in Brugmansia are:

• Scopolamine: Also known as hyoscine, scopolamine is a potent anticholinergic that affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems. In controlled medical settings, highly purified scopolamine is used in very small doses to treat motion sickness and post-operative nausea. However, in the context of Brugmansia ingestion, it causes severe and unpredictable effects, including hallucinations, delirium, and amnesia.
• Hyoscyamine: Similar to scopolamine, hyoscyamine is an anticholinergic that blocks the action of acetylcholine. It affects the digestive system, heart rate, and other bodily functions. Symptoms of hyoscyamine poisoning include rapid heartbeat, dilated pupils, dry mouth, and difficulty urinating.
• Atropine: Atropine is another anticholinergic alkaloid that has a wide range of effects on the body. It is used medically to treat certain types of poisoning, to dilate pupils during eye exams, and to increase heart rate in some emergency situations. However, in uncontrolled doses, as found in Brugmansia, it can cause severe poisoning, including rapid heartbeat, blurred vision, confusion, and seizures.

Mechanism of Poisoning: Anticholinergic Effects

The tropane alkaloids in Angel’s Trumpet act as anticholinergics. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that plays a vital role in many bodily functions, including:

• Muscle Contraction: Acetylcholine is essential for the transmission of signals from nerves to muscles, enabling movement.
• Gland Secretion: It controls the secretion of saliva, sweat, tears, and digestive juices.
• Heart Rate: It helps regulate heart rate and blood pressure.
• Brain Function: It plays a role in memory, learning, and attention.

By blocking the action of acetylcholine, the tropane alkaloids disrupt these essential functions, leading to a cascade of symptoms.

Symptoms of Angel’s Trumpet Poisoning

The symptoms of Brugmansia poisoning can vary widely depending on the amount ingested, the part of the plant consumed, individual sensitivity, and other factors. Symptoms can appear within minutes to hours after ingestion or exposure. They can range from mild to life-threatening and may include:

• Early Symptoms:
  • Dry mouth and intense thirst
  • Blurred vision and dilated pupils (mydriasis)
  • Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
  • Flushed, hot, and dry skin
  • Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia)
  • Urinary retention
• Moderate to Severe Symptoms:
  • Confusion and disorientation
  • Agitation and restlessness
  • Hallucinations (often described as terrifying and vivid)
  • Delirium
  • Muscle weakness and incoordination
  • Seizures
  • Hyperthermia (elevated body temperature)
• Life-Threatening Symptoms:
  • Respiratory depression or failure
  • Coma
  • Cardiovascular collapse
  • Death

Dermal and Ocular Exposure

Even contact with the plant’s sap can cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. If sap enters the eyes, it can cause temporary but significant vision problems, including dilated pupils, blurred vision, and difficulty focusing.

Vulnerable Populations: Children and Pets

Children and pets are at a significantly higher risk of severe poisoning due to their smaller body size and their tendency to explore their environment by putting things in their mouths. Even a small amount of Brugmansia ingested by a child or pet can be life-threatening. Cases of accidental poisoning in children have been documented in medical literature, highlighting the need for extreme vigilance. (Refer to the Pediatrics journal citation in the previous section).

First Aid and Medical Treatment

If you suspect Brugmansia poisoning, immediate medical attention is crucial. There is no home antidote.

1. Call Emergency Services: Immediately call your local emergency number (e.g., 911 in the United States) or your local poison control center.
2. Provide Information: Be prepared to provide information about the plant, the amount ingested (if known), the time of ingestion, and the victim’s age, weight, and any symptoms they are experiencing.
3. Do Not Induce Vomiting: Do not induce vomiting unless specifically instructed to do so by a medical professional. Vomiting can sometimes worsen the situation.
4. Hospital Treatment: Treatment at a hospital may include:
   • Activated Charcoal: To absorb the toxins in the stomach.
   • Gastric Lavage: To wash out the stomach contents.
   • Intravenous Fluids: To maintain hydration and electrolyte balance.
   • Medications: To control symptoms such as seizures, agitation, and rapid heartbeat. Physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, may be used as an antidote in some cases, but it must be administered by a medical professional under careful monitoring.
   • Supportive Care: Including respiratory support and monitoring of vital signs.

Prevention: The Best Approach

The best way to prevent Brugmansia poisoning is to take strict precautions:

• Knowledge is Key: Be fully aware of the plant’s toxicity and educate others who may come into contact with it.
• Safe Handling: Always wear gloves, long sleeves, and eye protection when handling the plant, pruning, or propagating it.
• Thorough Washing: Wash your hands, arms, and any exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water after any contact with the plant.
• Child and Pet Safety: Keep the plant completely out of reach of children and pets. Consider fencing off the area or using containers that are inaccessible.
• Proper Disposal: Dispose of pruned branches and leaves carefully. Do not compost them, as the toxins can persist. Bag them and dispose of them in the trash.
• Avoid Misidentification: Be absolutely certain of the plant’s identity. If you are unsure, consult with a gardening expert or botanist.
• Consider Alternatives: If having young children, or pets, seriously consider other, non-toxic plants. Gardencenterpoint. com can help suggest safe alternatives.

Angel’s Trumpet is a beautiful but undeniably dangerous plant. By understanding its toxicity and taking appropriate precautions, you can enjoy its beauty while minimizing the risk of harm.