Durian (Durio zibethinus) is a tropical plant from Southeast Asia. It bears large, spiny, edible fruit which has become a major export crop of the region. The fruit is best known for its pungent smell, which provokes opposing reactions, ranging from near-addiction to revulsion. In some areas, it has even been banned from public transport and hotels.
I. Appearance and Characteristics
Durio zibethinus is the most common tree species in the genus Durio that are known as durian and have edible fruit also known as durian.
As with most other durian species, the edible flesh emits a distinctive odour that is strong and penetrating even when the husk is intact. Some people regard the durian as having a pleasantly sweet fragrance; others find the aroma overpowering and revolting. The persistence of its odour has led to the fruit’s banishment from certain hotels and public transportation in Southeast Asia.
There are 30 recognised Durio species, at least nine of which produce edible fruit. D. zibethinus is the only species available in the international market: other species are sold in their local regions. There are hundreds of cultivars of D. zibethinus; many consumers express preferences for specific cultivars, which fetch higher prices in the market.
The wood of D. zibethinus is reddish brown.
II. How to Grow and Care
Sunlight
Durian thrives in full sun, requiring a substantial amount of light daily to foster proper growth and fruit development. The intensity of direct sunlight fuels vigorous growth and maximizes the plant’s health and productivity. Given durian’s preference for bright conditions, locations that offer unfiltered sunlight for most of the day are optimal for outdoor planting. While durian can adjust to less than ideal light conditions, prolonged exposure to lower light levels may lead to suboptimal growth and reduced fruiting potential. Outdoors, durian should be strategically planted in areas where they can receive ample sunlight away from taller structures or trees that might cast significant shade.
Temperature
The durian displays moderate temperature sensitivity, enduring up to 43℃ (109℉) heat but struggles below 5℃ (41℉). Temperature extremes impact its health: cooling may cause leaf discoloration and stunted growth, while overheating can lead to leaf scorch and fruit drop. To mitigate issues, use protective coverings or provide shade. Ensure optimal airflow and hydration during heat waves.
Watering
Originating from the humid climes of Southeast Asia, durian thrives in environments that mimic its tropical rainforest origins, where moisture is abundant. This species exhibits a preference for consistent humidity and can tolerate brief periods of dryness. Watering practices should reflect this balance, typically necessitating hydration once every 2-3 weeks. Cultivated primarily outdoors due to its size and nature, durian benefits significantly from rainfall patterns that align with its growth cycles, ensuring optimal water provision during key developmental phases.
Fertilizing
For optimal growth, durian benefits from high phosphorus fertilizers to boost flowering and fruiting, alternating with balanced nutrition fertilizers for overall vigor. Fertilize every 2-3 months, following recommended dosages to avoid root burn. Seasonal variations necessitate reduced amounts during dormancy and increased inputs prior to bloom. Incorporate fertilizers into topsoil, ensuring even distribution. Novice gardeners should use gloves, as over-fertilization can harm durian’s health and fruit quality.
Pruning
Known for its large, spiky fruits and strong odor, durian benefits greatly from pruning. The best time for pruning is between early to later spring, coinciding with active growth phases. Focus on removing dead or weak branches, while shaping the canopy to improve air circulation and sunlight penetration. Pruning encourages healthier growth and can enhance fruit production. Always use clean, sharp tools to prevent disease, and consider the plant’s natural structure to avoid over-pruning.
Propagation
Durian is a tropical fruit tree known for its distinctive large size and strong aroma. With a preference for warm climates, it typically requires grafting techniques for effective propagation. The practice involves connecting a scion from a mature durian tree to rootstock, ensuring the resulting plant maintains the desired fruit qualities. Optimal scion selection and careful execution of grafting contribute to successful growth and fruit production.
Transplanting
The best time to transplant durian is when spring awakens the soil, offering mild weather and optimal growth conditions. Choose a sunny, well-drained locale, and while transplanting, safeguard the root ball to ensure a seamless adaptation.
III. Uses and Benefits
Durian is used in sweet and savory dishes. Both the creamy flesh and seeds are edible, though the seeds need to be cooked.
The flavor is described as tasting like cheese, almonds, garlic, and caramel all at once.
