Empress Tree (Paulownia tomentosa)

The Empress Tree, also commonly known as the Princess Tree, Royal Paulownia, or Foxglove Tree, and botanically named Paulownia tomentosa, is a fast-growing deciduous tree celebrated for its stunning lavender blooms and large, velvety leaves. This remarkable tree offers numerous benefits, from providing rapid shade to producing valuable timber.

Here at Gardencenterpoint.com, we explore all facets of remarkable trees, and the Royal Paulownia is a particularly fascinating specimen. This guide delves into everything you need to know, providing detailed instructions, insider tips, and practical advice. Prepare to be amazed by its rapid growth and versatility. Keep reading to explore our comprehensive guide to how to grow an Empress Tree, along with key information to help you decide if it’s the right choice for your landscape, and also where to buy Empress Tree seeds/saplings.

What is an Empress Tree? Understanding This Fast-Growing Species

The Empress Tree (Paulownia tomentosa) is a truly remarkable tree, originating from East Asia, specifically China, where it has a rich history and cultural significance. It’s earned its regal names – Empress Tree, Princess Tree, Royal Paulownia – due to its historical association with royalty and its impressive, almost majestic appearance. The “Foxglove Tree” moniker comes from the shape of its beautiful, fragrant flowers, which resemble those of the foxglove plant.

Common name	Empress Tree, Princess Tree, Royal Paulownia, Foxglove Tree
Botanical name	Paulownia tomentosa
Family	Paulowniaceae (formerly often placed in Scrophulariaceae)
Genus	Paulownia
Species	tomentosa
Origin	China
Native	Introduced to North America (not native)
Life cycle	Perennial (Deciduous)
Plant type	Tree
Hardiness zone	7-10 (with some tolerance in zone 6 with protection)
Sunlight	Full Sun (at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day)
Maintenance	Moderate (primarily due to cleanup of fallen leaves and potential invasiveness management)
Water	Moderate (regular watering, especially when young; allow soil to dry slightly between waterings)
Drainage	Well-Drained (essential to prevent root rot)
Spacing	At least 20-30 feet from other trees, structures, and utilities
Flowering period	Spring (before leaf emergence)
Height	30-60 feet (can reach up to 80 feet in ideal conditions)
Width	30-60 feet
Growth rate	Extremely Fast (10-20 feet per year under optimal conditions)
Flower color	Lavender-Purple (various shades)
Leaf color	Green (large, heart-shaped, velvety texture)
Stem color	Light Brown to Gray-Brown (becoming furrowed with age)
Seed pod color	Brown
Flower benefit	Attracts pollinators (bees, butterflies); fragrant
Garden style	Suitable for larger landscapes, parks, shade gardens (where not invasive)
Uses	Ornamental tree, shade tree, timber production, erosion control, phytoremediation, agroforestry (with caution due to potential invasiveness)
Soil pH	6.0-7.0 (slightly acidic to neutral), adaptable
Propagation	Primarily by seed; also by root cuttings
Invasive Status	Potentially invasive in certain regions, especially the Southeastern US. Consult local regulations before planting.
Wood Characteristics	Lightweight, Strong, Warp-Resistant.

This tree is renowned primarily for its incredibly fast growth rate. Under optimal conditions, it can grow an astonishing 10-20 feet in a single year, making it one of the fastest-growing trees on the planet. This rapid growth is a key factor in its popularity for various applications, from timber production to ornamental landscaping.

Beyond its speed, the Empress Tree boasts several other distinctive characteristics:

• Large, Heart-Shaped Leaves: The leaves are truly impressive, often reaching 12-30 inches in width. Their velvety texture and heart-like shape add a tropical feel to any landscape.
• Showy, Fragrant Flowers: In spring, before the leaves fully emerge, the tree produces large, upright clusters (panicles) of fragrant, lavender-purple flowers. These blooms are a significant source of nectar for pollinators like bees and butterflies.
• Lightweight, Strong Wood: The wood of the Empress Tree is surprisingly lightweight yet strong and resistant to warping. This unique combination of properties makes it highly valued for various applications, which we’ll explore later.
• Adaptability: While it thrives in warm, temperate climates (USDA hardiness zones 7-10), the Empress Tree can tolerate a range of conditions, including some colder temperatures and different soil types. However, it’s crucial to understand its specific needs to ensure its healthy growth.
• Seed Pod. After flowering, produce large numbers of seeds. 20 million seeds/tree/year can be produced.

The University of Maryland Extension describes the Empress Tree in more detail. It is a deciduous tree, meaning it loses it’s leaves during the dormant/winter season. It is classifed as medium to large size tree. The tree reaches heights of 30–60′ tall and wide.

How to Grow an Empress Tree

Growing an Empress Tree can be a rewarding experience, especially given its rapid growth. However, success depends on understanding its needs and providing the right conditions. Here’s a detailed, step-by-step guide:

Site Selection and Soil Preparation

• Sunlight: Empress Trees thrive in full sun, requiring at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day. While they can tolerate partial shade, their growth rate and flowering will be significantly reduced.
• Soil: The ideal soil is well-drained, fertile, and slightly acidic (pH 6.0-7.0). However, Empress Trees are adaptable and can tolerate a range of soil types, including clay, loam, and sand, as long as drainage is adequate. Avoid planting in areas with consistently waterlogged soil.
• Space: Consider the tree’s mature size (up to 60 feet tall and wide) when selecting a planting site. Ensure there’s ample space for both its canopy and root system to develop without obstruction.
• Soil Testing: Before planting, it’s highly recommended to conduct a soil test. This will reveal the soil’s pH and nutrient levels, allowing you to amend it appropriately. Your local cooperative extension service can provide soil testing kits and guidance.
• Soil Amendment: If your soil is heavy clay or poorly drained, amend it with organic matter like compost, aged manure, or peat moss. This will improve drainage, aeration, and fertility.

Choosing Empress Tree: Seeds vs. Saplings

You have two main options for starting your Empress Tree:

• Seeds: Growing from seed is more economical but requires more patience and care. Empress Tree seeds are tiny and require specific conditions for germination.
• Saplings: Purchasing a sapling from a reputable nursery is more expensive but offers a faster start and higher success rate. Look for a healthy sapling with a strong root system and no signs of disease or damage.

Planting Empress Tree

• Timing: The best time to plant an Empress Tree is in the spring after the last frost or in the fall before the first hard freeze.
• Planting Hole: Dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball and just as deep. This allows the roots to spread easily.
• Root Preparation: If planting a sapling, gently loosen any circling roots around the root ball.
• Planting Depth: Place the tree in the hole so that the top of the root ball is level with or slightly above the surrounding ground. Avoid planting too deep, as this can suffocate the roots.
• Backfilling: Backfill the hole with the amended soil, gently firming it around the roots to eliminate air pockets.
• Watering: Water the newly planted tree thoroughly, saturating the root zone.

Watering and Fertilizing

• Watering: Empress Trees need regular watering, especially during their first few years. Water deeply and less frequently, allowing the soil to dry slightly between waterings. Avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. A general guideline is to provide about 1 inch of water per week, either through rainfall or irrigation.
• Fertilizing: Young Empress Trees benefit from regular fertilization to promote rapid growth. Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer formulated for trees. Apply the fertilizer in early spring before new growth begins. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for application rates. As the tree matures, fertilization becomes less critical.

Pruning and Training

• Pruning: Empress Trees generally require minimal pruning. The main goals of pruning are to remove dead, damaged, or diseased branches and to maintain the desired shape and size.
• Timing: The best time to prune is during the dormant season (late winter or early spring) before new growth begins.
• Technique: Use clean, sharp pruning tools to make clean cuts. Avoid leaving stubs, as these can be entry points for diseases.
• Training: Young Empress Trees can be trained to develop a strong central leader (main trunk) and well-spaced branches. This is best done during the first few years after planting.

Pest and Disease Management

Empress Trees are generally resistant to serious pests and diseases. However, they can occasionally be affected by:

• Leaf Spot: Fungal leaf spot diseases can cause brown or black spots on the leaves. Improve air circulation and avoid overhead watering to prevent leaf spot.
• Canker: Canker diseases can cause sunken, discolored areas on the bark. Prune out infected branches and improve overall tree health.
• Insect Pests: Some insect pests, like aphids or scale insects, may occasionally infest Empress Trees. These can usually be controlled with insecticidal soap or horticultural oil.

Winter Protection

While Empress Trees are hardy to USDA zone 7, young trees in colder climates (zones 6 and below) may require winter protection.

• Mulching: Apply a thick layer of mulch (4-6 inches) around the base of the tree in late fall to insulate the roots.
• Wrapping: In very cold climates, you may need to wrap the trunk of young trees with burlap or tree wrap to protect them from frost damage.

Is the Empress Tree Invasive in My Area

One of the most common concerns about the Empress Tree is its potential invasiveness. This is a valid concern, and it’s crucial to understand the situation in your specific region.

The Empress Tree is considered invasive in some parts of the United States, particularly in the Southeast. This is because it can spread rapidly through its abundant seeds and outcompete native vegetation.

Here’s how to determine if the Empress Tree is a concern in your area:

• Consult Your Local Extension Service: Your local cooperative extension office is the best resource for information on invasive plants in your region. They can provide up-to-date lists of invasive species and recommendations for control.
• Check State and Local Regulations: Some states and municipalities have regulations regarding the planting of Empress Trees. Be sure to check these regulations before planting.
• Observe Existing Plantings: Look for existing Empress Trees in your area. Are they spreading aggressively? Are they dominating natural areas? This can give you an indication of their potential invasiveness.

Alternatives to Empress Trees (if invasiveness is a concern):

If the Empress Tree is considered invasive in your area, or if you have concerns about its potential spread, there are several alternative trees you can consider:

Tree Species	Growth Rate	Flower Color	Native Status	Notes
Catalpa (Catalpa speciosa)	Fast	White	North America	Large leaves, showy flowers, similar appearance to Empress Tree
Tulip Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)	Fast	Yellow-Green	North America	Tall, stately tree with unique tulip-shaped flowers
Redbud (Cercis canadensis)	Medium	Pink/Purple	North America	Smaller tree with beautiful spring flowers, suitable for smaller landscapes
Serviceberry (Amelanchier spp.)	Medium	White	North America	Multiseasonal interest, berries are attractive

Empress Tree Wood Price and Commercial Uses

The wood of the Empress Tree is highly valued for its unique properties:

• Lightweight: It’s one of the lightest hardwoods, making it easy to handle and work with.
• Strong: Despite its light weight, it has a high strength-to-weight ratio.
• Resistant to Warping: It’s less prone to warping and cracking than many other types of wood.
• Easy to Work: It’s easy to saw, plane, and carve, making it a favorite among woodworkers.
• Fine Grain: It has a fine, even grain that takes finishes well.

Commercial Uses:

• Furniture: Used for making furniture, particularly in Asia.
• Musical Instruments: Highly prized for making soundboards for guitars, violins, and other instruments.
• Construction: Used for interior trim, molding, and other non-structural applications.
• Carving: Ideal for carving due to its softness and fine grain.
• Biofuel: Its rapid growth makes it a potential source of biomass for biofuel production.
• Pulpwood: Used to make high quality paper.

Empress Tree Wood Price:

The price of Empress Tree wood varies depending on several factors:

• Location: Prices are generally higher in areas where the tree is less common.
• Quality: Higher-quality lumber with fewer knots and defects commands a higher price.
• Quantity: Purchasing larger quantities typically results in a lower price per board foot.
• Market Demand: Prices fluctuate based on supply and demand.

As of February 2025, a rough estimate for Empress Tree lumber is $5-$15 per board foot. However, it’s essential to contact local lumber suppliers or timber brokers for current pricing in your area. For example, World Paulownia provides Paulownia lumber and pricing is available by contacting them directly.

Empress Tree Benefits and Uses

While the Empress Tree is valued for its wood, it offers numerous other benefits:

• Ornamental Value: Its beautiful flowers, large leaves, and rapid growth make it an attractive addition to landscapes.
• Shade Tree: Its large canopy provides quick shade, making it a good choice for parks, gardens, and other outdoor spaces.
• Erosion Control: Its extensive root system helps stabilize soil and prevent erosion.
• Phytoremediation: It has the ability to absorb pollutants from the soil, making it useful for cleaning up contaminated sites.
• Wildlife Habitat: Its flowers provide nectar for pollinators, and its seeds are a food source for some birds.
• Agroforestry: It can be intercropped with other plants, providing shade and wind protection.

Empress Tree Pros and Cons

Deciding whether to plant an Paulownia tomentosa, commonly called the Empress Tree, Princess Tree or Royal Paulownia, requires careful consideration of both its advantages and disadvantages. While this fast-growing tree offers many benefits, it also presents potential drawbacks that need to be addressed. Gardencenterpoint.com believes in providing a balanced perspective, enabling informed decisions for your specific situation. This section provides a clear and detailed overview of the pros and cons.

Pros of Planting an Empress Tree:

• Remarkable Growth Rate: This is undoubtedly the Empress Tree’s most notable advantage. Its ability to grow 10-20 feet in a single year is unmatched by most other trees. This makes it an excellent choice if you need quick shade, a fast-growing windbreak, or rapid biomass production. This rapid growth is substantiated by research from various universities, including Clemson University’s Cooperative Extension, which highlights its impressive growth potential.
• Stunning Aesthetic Appeal: The Empress Tree is a visually striking tree. Its large, heart-shaped, velvety leaves create a lush, tropical feel. In spring, before the foliage fully emerges, it produces spectacular displays of fragrant, lavender-purple flowers. These blossoms are not only beautiful but also attract pollinators like bees and butterflies, enhancing the biodiversity of your garden.
• Valuable, Versatile Wood: The wood of the Empress Tree possesses a unique combination of properties: it’s lightweight yet strong, resistant to warping, and easy to work with. This makes it highly sought after for various applications, including furniture making, musical instrument construction, and crafting. The fine, even grain of the wood also accepts finishes beautifully.
• Environmental Benefits: Beyond its aesthetic and commercial value, the Empress Tree offers several environmental advantages. Its extensive root system helps prevent soil erosion, making it beneficial for stabilizing slopes and riverbanks. It also exhibits phytoremediation capabilities, meaning it can absorb pollutants from the soil, contributing to a healthier environment. Studies on phytoremediation have shown the potential of Paulownia species in cleaning up contaminated sites.
• Adaptability to Diverse Conditions: While it thrives in specific conditions (well-drained soil, full sun, USDA hardiness zones 7-10), the Empress Tree demonstrates a degree of adaptability. It can tolerate various soil types, provided there’s adequate drainage, and can even withstand some colder temperatures, although protection may be needed for young trees in harsher climates.
• Provides abundant shade: Due to it’s large leaves, the Empress tree provides abundant shade.

Cons of Planting an Empress Tree:

• Potential Invasiveness: This is the most significant concern regarding the Empress Tree. In certain regions, particularly in the Southeastern United States, it’s classified as an invasive species. Its prolific seed production (millions of seeds per tree per year) and rapid growth allow it to outcompete native plants, disrupting local ecosystems. It’s absolutely essential to check with your local cooperative extension service and state regulations to determine its invasiveness status in your specific area before planting.
• Messy Nature: The large leaves, flowers, and seed pods can create a considerable amount of litter, requiring regular cleanup. This can be a drawback for those seeking a low-maintenance landscape.
• Relatively Short Lifespan: Compared to some other tree species, the Empress Tree has a relatively short lifespan, typically ranging from 70-100 years. While this is still a significant amount of time, it’s a factor to consider if you’re seeking a very long-lived tree.
• Weak Wood in Certain Conditions: Although the wood is generally strong, it can become brittle and prone to breakage in areas with high winds or heavy snow loads. Proper pruning and site selection can mitigate this risk.
• Large Root System: The extensive root system, while beneficial for erosion control, can also be aggressive. It’s crucial to plant it away from structures, sidewalks, and underground utilities to avoid potential damage.
• Susceptible to some pests and diseases. The Empress tree is generally resistant to pests and diseases, but can still be affected.

Summary Table: Empress Tree Pros and Cons

Feature	Pros	Cons
Growth Rate	Extremely fast (10-20 feet per year)	Can contribute to invasiveness in some regions
Appearance	Beautiful flowers, large leaves, provides a tropical aesthetic	Large leaves, flowers, and seed pods can create litter
Wood	Lightweight, strong, resistant to warping, easy to work with	Can be brittle in high winds or heavy snow
Environmental	Erosion control, phytoremediation capabilities, attracts pollinators	Potential to outcompete native vegetation (if invasive)
Adaptability	Tolerates a range of soil types and conditions (with adequate drainage)	Prefers full sun and well-drained soil; young trees may need winter protection in colder climates
Lifespan	Moderate lifespan (70-100 years)	Shorter lifespan compared to some other tree species
Root System	Extensive root system helps with erosion control	Can be aggressive and damage structures or utilities if planted too close
Maintenance	Generally low-maintenance regarding pruning	Requires cleanup of fallen leaves, flowers, and seed pods; may require management to prevent spreading (if invasive)
Pest and Diseases	Generally resistant to pest and disease	Susceptible to certain pest and disease

Ultimately, the decision of whether or not to plant an Empress Tree is a personal one. By carefully weighing the pros and cons in relation to your specific needs, location, and local regulations, you can make an informed choice that aligns with your gardening goals and environmental responsibility. Gardencenterpoint.com strongly advises consulting your local extension office for the most accurate and up-to-date information regarding the Empress Tree in your area.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Empress Trees

• Q: How fast does an Empress Tree grow?
  • A: Under optimal conditions, it can grow 10-20 feet per year.
• Q: How long does an Empress Tree live?
  • A: The average lifespan is 70-100 years, although some trees can live longer.
• Q: Is the Empress Tree poisonous to humans or animals?
  • A: No, the Empress Tree is not considered poisonous.
• Q. How tall does a Royal Empress Tree grow?
  • A. Mature trees reach a height of 30 to 60 feet.
• Q: Can I grow an Empress Tree in a container?
  • A: It’s not recommended for long-term container growing due to its rapid growth and large size.
• Q: When does an Empress Tree bloom?
  • A: It typically blooms in spring before the leaves emerge.
• Q: Where do Empress Trees Grow?
  • A: Empress Trees prefer temperate climates (USDA hardiness zones 7-10)
• Q: Are Empress Trees susceptible to pests and diseases?
  • A: Yes, although it is generally resistant to serious pests and diseases, it can still be affected by some pests and diseases.

Related Topics and Further Reading at Gardencenterpoint.com

Gardencenterpoint.com is dedicated to providing comprehensive gardening information and resources. Here are some related topics and articles you might find interesting:

• Fast-Growing Trees for Shade and Privacy: Explore other tree species known for their rapid growth.
• Choosing the Right Tree for Your Landscape: A guide to selecting trees based on your specific needs and conditions.
• Understanding USDA Hardiness Zones: Learn how to determine your hardiness zone and choose plants that will thrive in your climate.
• The Benefits of Planting Native Trees: Discover the ecological advantages of planting native species.
• Pruning Techniques for Trees and Shrubs: A detailed guide to proper pruning methods.
• Controlling Invasive Plants in Your Garden: Learn how to identify and manage invasive species.
• Tree Selection Guide. Finding the right trees.
• Trees that Bloom in Spring.
• Soil Preparation.
• Fertilizer Guide.
• Best Trees for Pollinators

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